<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2024000400847</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v91i364.2596</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Relaciones laborales e informalidad en Brasil: un análisis del periodo posgolpe (2016-2023)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Labor relations and informality in Brazil: An analysis of the post-coup period (2016-2023)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evangelista Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro Henrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Federal de Goiás Facultad de Administración, Ciencias Contables y Ciencias Económicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>364</numero>
<fpage>847</fpage>
<lpage>876</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2024000400847&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2024000400847&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2024000400847&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis de los indicadores de informalidad en Brasil después del golpe de 2016 hasta el periodo reciente, que considere su comportamiento en línea con el ciclo económico y las políticas implementadas por los distintos gobiernos en el poder en estos años. En general, la informalidad está directamente asociada con la dinámica de la economía: aumenta en tiempos de crisis y disminuye en tiempos de crecimiento. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha expandido incluso cuando la tasa de desempleo se ha reducido. En este sentido, el análisis investigará dos elementos: el carácter estructural de la informalidad en la economía brasileña, y las nuevas tendencias que pueden explicar su aumento, incluso en situaciones de recuperación o crecimiento económico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The main aim of the paper is to analyze data regarding informality in Brazil from the 2016 coup to the present, considering its connection to the economic cycle and the policies implemented by the different governments in power over those years. Altogether, informality is directly associated with economic dynamics, which increase during a crisis and decrease during economic growth periods. However, over the last years, informality has expanded even in situations where unemployment rates are decreasing. Therefore, the analysis will consider two elements to be investigated: informality as a structural aspect in the Brazilian labor market, and new trends that may explain its increase in conditions of economic recovery or growth.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[informalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desempleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[golpe]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Informality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Brazil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[unemployment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coup]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Os modos de ser da informalidade: rumo a uma nova era da precarização estrutural do trabalho?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Serviço Social &amp; Sociedade]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>107</numero>
<issue>107</issue>
<page-range>405-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A economia brasileira sob o governo Bolsonaro (2019-2022): neoliberalismo radical e pragmatismo econômico]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Río de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Internacional Celso Furtado de Políticas para o Desenvolvimento]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baltar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El problema de la informalidad ocupacional em la periferia del capitalismo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veras de Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Informalidad em América Latina: ¿un debate actual?]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<page-range>121-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Alicante ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Alicante]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. de F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De &#8220;setor&#8221; para &#8220;economia informal&#8221;: aventuras e desventuras de um conceito]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[USP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brasil gera 1,5 milhão de vagas de trabalho formal em 2023]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brasil de Fato]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BdF]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cacciamali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Setor informal urbano e formas de participação na produção]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cacciamali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Globalização e processo de informalidade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economia e Sociedade]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cacciamali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A composição do mercado informal de trabalho e o papel do mercado de trabalho na redução da pobreza]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fipe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A evolução da estrutura ocupacional e os padrões setoriais da informalidade no Brasil: 1995-2012]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Squeff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dinâmica macrossetorial brasileira]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasilia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mercado de trabalho]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carta de conjuntura]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasilia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>CEPALStat</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Principales cifras de América Latina y el Caribe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xavier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelo de crescimento, dinâmica do balanço de pagamentos e fragilidades]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Padrão de acumulação e desenvolvimento brasileiro]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundação Perseu Abramo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. da S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trabalho informal: um problema estrutural básico no entendimento das desigualdades na sociedade brasileira]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cadernos CRH]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>58</numero>
<issue>58</issue>
<page-range>171-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. H. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desemprego estrutural e a problemática da informalidade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista da ABET]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>199-217</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. H. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inflexões e descaminhos na política econômica brasileira]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Capital-imperialismo em crise: Vozes da periferia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Goiânia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora IFG]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dweck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A política fiscal do governo Dilma e a crise econômica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Campinas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unicamp]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filgueiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Druck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[O conceito de informalidade: um exercício de aplicação empírica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cadernos CRH]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>41</numero>
<issue>41</issue>
<page-range>211-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Modern African Studies]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>61-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PNAD Contínua - Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IBGE]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Conínua Anual. Tabela 4680 - Pessoas de 14 anos ou mais de idade ocupadas na semana de referência, por situação de informalidade no trabalho principal sidra]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IBGE]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Conínua Anual. Tabela 4708 - Taxa de informalidade das pessoas de 14 anos ou mais de idade ocupadas na semana de referencia. sidra]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IBGE]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>IPEA</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nota técnica]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulyssea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desigualdade de renda no Brasil: uma análise da queda recente - Volume 1]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasilia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IPEA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[IPEAData]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economia informal: aspectos conceituais e teóricos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasilia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OIT]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medeiros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cintra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R. V. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impactos da ascensão chinesa sobre os países latino-americanos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Economia Política]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>28-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Do industrialismo à austeridade: a política macro dos governos Dilma]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baltar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Para além da política econômica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Unesp]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mota Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. H. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A reforma trabalhista e a superexploração da força de trabalho]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Contribuições para as teorias do valor trabalho e dependência]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OIT</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa Regional del Empleo para América Latina y Caribe (PREALC)]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OIT]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OIT</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Panorama laboral 2023]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Perú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OIT]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Política Econômica, estagnação e crise mundial: Brasil, 1980-2010]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Río de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Azougue Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A qualificação do trabalhador intermitente e sua evolução no mercado de trabalho]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Río de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IPEA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economia brasileira contemporânea - De Getúlio a Lula]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Atlas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
