<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2023000300905</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v90i359.1953</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El creciente peso de los sobrecargos del FMI: una estimación actualizada]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The growing burden of IMF surcharges: An updated estimate]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amsler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,CEPR  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,CEPR  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>359</numero>
<fpage>905</fpage>
<lpage>922</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2023000300905&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2023000300905&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2023000300905&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Esta investigación estima el peso de los sobrecargos que el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) espera cobrar a los países deudores de medianos ingresos durante 2023-2033. La evidencia indica que los sobrecargos no logran su supuesto objetivo de incentivar el pago anticipado de las deudas; en cambio, incrementan el peso de la deuda de los prestatarios de medianos ingresos que precisamente enfrentan los problemas más graves de balanza de pago, mientras que el FMI se beneficia de estas crisis.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This research estimates the weight of surcharges that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) expects to levy on middle-income borrowing countries during the 2023-2033 period. The evidence indicates that surcharges do not achieve their alleged objective of encouraging early debt repayment; rather, they increase debt burdens for those middle-income borrowers facing the most acute balance of payment problems, while the IMF profits from these crises.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[FMI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sobrecargos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[países de ingreso medio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[endeudamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[IMF]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surcharges]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[middle-income countries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indebtedness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crisis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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</article>
