<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2022000100111</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v89i353.1430</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Una macroeconomía para el desarrollo. Esbozo de un modelo de crecimiento, inversión y distribución del ingreso]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A macroeconomy for development. An outline of a model of growth, investment, and income distribution]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abeles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Caldentey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esteban]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe División de Desarrollo Económico Unidad de Financiamiento para el Desarrollo]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>353</numero>
<fpage>111</fpage>
<lpage>149</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2022000100111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2022000100111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2022000100111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo analiza tres temas centrales de la macroeconomía para el desarrollo: el crecimiento, la inversión y la distribución del ingreso, lo cual combina la perspectiva estructuralista y un enfoque poskeynesiano basado en el tratamiento consistente en flujos y acervos a escala macroeconómica. De acuerdo con dos premisas centrales del pensamiento estructuralista -la teorización a partir de la realidad y el hecho de que la institucionalidad y las relaciones distributivas determinan el comportamiento macroeconómico de una economía-, el artículo argumenta que el desempeño macroeconómico de América Latina y el Caribe se caracteriza por tres hechos estilizados. Éstos son la tendencia hacia el estancamiento en el crecimiento económico; el aumento del endeudamiento, y la elevada desigualdad al tener en cuenta sus tres dimensiones (las distribuciones personal y funcional del ingreso, y la distribución de la riqueza). El enfoque poskeynesiano analiza el comportamiento macroeconómico en relación con los balances financieros para el sector gobierno, el sector corporativo no financiero y el sector externo, lo que permite identificar aquellos que impulsan o desalientan el crecimiento económico. Este enfoque se superpone sobre una clasificación de países por estructura productiva/exportadora y subregional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article analyzes three central themes of macroeconomics for development: growth, investment, and income distribution, by combining the structuralist perspective with a post-Keynesian approach based on the consistent treatment of flows and stocks at the macroeconomic level. Sustained by two central premises of structuralist thought, the theorization of reality, and the fact that the institutional framework and distributive relations determine the macroeconomic behavior of an economy, the article argues that the macroeconomic performance of Latin America and the Caribbean is characterized by three stylized facts: the trend towards stagnation in economic growth, increased indebtedness, and high inequality when taking into account its three dimensions (personal and functional income distribution, and wealth distribution). The post-Keynesian approach analyzes macroeconomic behavior based on financial balances for the government sector, the non-financial corporate sector, and the external sector that allow identifying the sectors that pro-mote or discourage economic growth. This approach is superimposed on a classification of countries by production/export and subregional structure.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inversión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distribución del ingreso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfoque estructuralista]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfoque poskeynesiano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exportadores de hidrocarburos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exportadores de productos agroindustriales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exportadores de metales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[países financieramente integrados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Istmo centroamericano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[investment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[income distribution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[structuralist and post-Keynesian focus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hydrocarbons exporters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agro-industrial products exporters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metal exporters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[financially integrated countries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central American Isthmus]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abeles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arakaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villafañe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Distribución funcional del ingreso en América Latina desde una perspectiva sectorial]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abeles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdecantos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La inversión extranjera directa en América Latina: algunas implicancias macrofinancieras]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abeles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Caldentey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdecantos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios sobre financierización en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abeles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Caldentey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdecantos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios sobre financierización en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abeles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cherkasky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revisiting balance-of-payments constrained growth 70 years after ECLAC&#8217;S manifesto: The case of South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Economia Contemporânea]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abeles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdecantos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vulnerabilidad externa en América Latina y el Caribe: un análisis estructural]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factor shares: The principal problem of political economy?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Review of Economic Policy]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourguignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourguignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Income Distribution]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ámsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[North-Holland]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avdjiev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song Shin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Non-financial corporations from emerging market economies and capital flows]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[bis Quarterly Review]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avdjiev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gambacorta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiaffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Shifting Drivers of Global Liquidity]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>644</numero>
<issue>644</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Basilea ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bank for International Settlements]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Indicadores de Desarrollo Mundial]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D. C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bengtsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waldenström]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Capital Shares and Income Inequality: Evidence from the Long Run]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>9581</numero>
<issue>9581</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bonn ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Institute for the Study of Labor]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Caldentey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Non-Financial Corporations as Financial Intermediaries and their Macroeconomic Implications. An Empirical Analysis for Latin America]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Progreso técnico y cambio estructural en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Base interna de datos]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cimoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porcile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tecnología, cambio estructural y crecimiento: un encuentro entre estructuralistas, evolucionistas y keynesianos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bárcena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neoestructuralismo y corrientes heterodoxas en América Latina y el Caribe a inicios del siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eatwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Finance at Risk]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The New Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fazzari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hubbard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blinder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poterba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Financing Constraints and Corporate Investment]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D. C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brookings Institution]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cripps]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Macroeconomics]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavoie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Monetary Economics]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dissecting the cycle: A methodological investigation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Monetary Econometrics]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>365-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>FMI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[International Financial Statistics (IFS)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>FMI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World Economic Outlook Databases]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Prefacio a una nueva economía política]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Macroeconomics for Developing Countries]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Junankar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acceleration principle]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durlauf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blume]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalecki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Theory of Economic Dynamics]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Kelley Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalecki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Selected Essays on the Dynamics of the Capitalist Economy]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lectures in Macroeconomics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCombie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thirlwall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Growth and the Balance of Payments Constraint]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCombie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thirlwall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth in an international context: A post Keynesian view]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deprez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foundations of International Economics. Post Keynesian Perspectives]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Stabilizing an Unstable Economy]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Brid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Caldentey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liberalización comercial y crecimiento económico en Centroamérica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la CEPAL]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>157-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Brid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puyana Mutis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[América Latina: extractivismo y sus desafíos para una agenda de desarrollo sustentable e incluyente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[lasa Forum]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>21-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin America&#8217;s Dismal Productivity Growth: Firm-level Innovation and Government Policies]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Caldentey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Favreau Negront]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez Lobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Corporate debt in Latin America and its macroeconomic implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Post Keynesian Economics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>335-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips-Fein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Invisible Hands: The Businessmen&#8217;s Crusade against the New Deal]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Norton]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El estructuralismo latinoamericano]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Development Theory and the Economics of Growth]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The University of Michigan Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sunkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Subdesarrollo latinoamericano y la teoría del desarrollo]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taliercio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cambios en la Economía mundial y los desafíos de las Instituciones de Desarrollo ante la Pandemia Covid-19]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Encuentros virtuales de economistas con el jefe de la banca de desarrollo. Desafíos de la banca de desarrollo en la reactivación económica y el impulso regional frente a la pandemia del Covid-19]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reconstructing Macroeconomics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-run income distribution SNF growth]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chenery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Srinivasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>162-202</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[North-Holland]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tosoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Índice de desigualdad y crecimiento económico en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación Económica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>314</numero>
<issue>314</issue>
<page-range>106-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
