<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2021000100219</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v88i349.907</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Una medida global de gobierno abierto para la OCDE. Recomendaciones para España]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A global measure of open government for the OECD. Recommendations for Spain]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzálvez-Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolás]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto-Torrejón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Cárceles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Concepción]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia  Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y de la Empresa]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Murcia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Universitario de la Defensa San Javier  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Murcia ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>349</numero>
<fpage>219</fpage>
<lpage>245</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2021000100219&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2021000100219&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2021000100219&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Organizaciones internacionales y gobiernos nacionales están promoviendo la adopción de estrategias de gobierno abierto. Hay una serie de índices que mide la evolución de algunas de sus dimensiones, pero hay aún una ausencia de indicadores que comprendan datos abiertos, transparencia, participación y colaboración simultáneamente. En este artículo proponemos el Índice de Gobierno Abierto y Participación (IGAP) a partir de trabajos académicos previos, el cual permite realizar comparaciones espaciales y temporales. El índice se construye para una muestra de 33 países miembros de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) por medio de fuentes abiertas y consistentes que ponderan los distintos componentes del gobierno abierto. Los resultados arrojan que las áreas de transparencia y datos abiertos tienen un amplio margen de mejora y que las estrategias de participación requieren un abordaje autónomo. Por regiones, el gobierno abierto está más desarrollado en los países de la Commonwealth, mientras que los de Europa Oriental presentan los niveles más bajos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Different international organizations and national governments are promoting the adoption of open government strategies. There are rankings to measure the evolution of some of its dimensions, but there is a gap of indicators comprising open data, transparency, participation and collaboration simultaneously. In this paper we propose the Open Government and Participation Index (OGPI), based on previous academic works, to compare open government strategies over time and among different countries. The index, which weighs different open government dimensions, is built for a sample of 33 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from open and consistent sources. The results show that the areas of transparency and open data have a wide room for improvement and that participation and collaboration strategies require an autonomous approach. By region, open government is more developed in the Commonwealth countries, while those in Eastern Europe present the lowest level of implementation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Open government]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[open data]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[open government data]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transparency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[participation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobierno abierto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[datos abiertos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transparencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[participación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henriksen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danziger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M. J. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sannarnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enemærke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fads and facts of e-government: A review of impacts of e-government (2003-2009)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Public Administration]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>564-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Attard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orlandi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scerri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of open government data initiatives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government Information Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>399-418</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is transparency?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Integrity]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>293-307</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán-Orenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Pastor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Grado de cumplimiento de las leyes de transparencia, acceso y buen gobierno y de reutilización de los datos de contratación de la administración central española]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Profesional de la Información]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>557-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogdanovi&#263;-Dini&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veljkovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoimenov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How open are public government data? An assessment of seven open data portals]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Bolívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measuring E-government Efficiency. Public Administration and Information Technology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>25-44</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crosby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloomberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Public value governance: Moving beyond traditional public administration and the new public management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Administration Review]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>445-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chabova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring corruption in Europe: Public opinion surveys and composite indices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quality &amp; Quantity]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1877-900</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Data-intensive applications, challenges, techniques and technologies: A survey on Big Data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information Sciences]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>275</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>314-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shulman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almazan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hovy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Government 2.0: Making connections between citizens, data and government]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information Polity]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Armonk, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[M. E. Sharpe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>European Data Portal</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Open Data Maturity in Europe 2017]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open government initiatives: Challenges of citizen participation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Policy Analysis and Management]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>172-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganapati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open e-government in US state governments: Survey evidence from Chief Information Officers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government Information Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>115-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geiger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Lucke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open government and linked open government data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JeDEM-eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>265-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobierno de España</collab>
<source><![CDATA[III Plan de Acción de España 2017-2019 de la Alianza para el Gobierno Abierto]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimmelikhuijsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porumbescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Im]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of transparency on trust in government: A cross&#8208;national comparative experiment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Administration Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>575-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimmelikhuijsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing and testing a theoretical framework for computer&#8208;mediated transparency of local governments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Administration Review]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>562-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jordan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The transparency of county websites: A content analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Administration Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>103-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cresswell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helbig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hrdinova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open government and e-government: Democratic challenges from a public value perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information Polity]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>83-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charalabidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuiderwijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Benefits, adoption barriers and myths of open data and open government]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information Systems Management]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>258-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jetzek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avital]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bjorn-Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Generating value from open government data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>417-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Joint Research Centre-European Commission</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open government data and public transportation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Public Transportation]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawson-Body]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Illia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Willoughby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innovation characteristics influencing veterans&#8217; adoption of e-government services]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Computer Information Systems]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>34-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open government implementation model: A stage model for achieving increased public engagement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>254-61</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Association for Computing Machinery]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An open government maturity model for social media-based public engagement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government Information Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>492-503</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is transparency an effective way of reducing corruption? Evidence around the world]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Economic Perspectives]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourenço]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pattaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Online transparency for accountability: One assessing model and two applications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electronic Journal of e-Government]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>280-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open government and public participation: Issues and challenges in creating public value]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information Polity]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>77-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Government transparency in historical perspective: From the ancient regime to open data in the Netherlands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Public Administration]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>189-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Public value as the focus of strategy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australian Journal of Public Administration]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>296-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moynihan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Setting the table: How transformational leadership fosters performance information use]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>143-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OCDE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Open Government Data survey]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>3.0</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OCDE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recommendation of the OECD Council on Open Government]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OCDE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OKF</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El manual de open data]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rohwer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring corruption: A comparison between the Transparency International&#8217;s corruption perceptions index and the World Bank&#8217;s worldwide governance indicators]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CESifo DICE Report]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>42-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rorissa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demissie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Benchmarking e-government: A comparison of frameworks for computing e-government index and ranking]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government Information Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>354-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saisana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarantola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[State-of-the-Art Report on Current Methodologies and Practices for Composite Indicator Development]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Italia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[European Commission]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez de Diego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El &#8220;día después&#8221; de la Ley de Transparencia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Jurídica de Castilla y León]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>33</numero>
<issue>33</issue>
<page-range>12-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval-Almazán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Towards an evaluation model for open government: A preliminary proposal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Conference on Electronic Government]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>47-58</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schellong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[EU eGovernment benchmarking 2010+. General remarks on the future of benchmarking Digital Government in the EU]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeLone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring eGovernment success: A public value approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Information Systems]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>187-208</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shkabatur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transparency with (out) accountability: Open government in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Yale Law &amp; Policy Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veljkovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoimenov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Benchmarking open government: An open data perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government Information Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>278-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adoption of open government data among government agencies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government Information Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>80-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. E. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yonkoski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lupton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giancola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinants and consequences of social trust]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociological Inquiry]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>453-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wirtz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birkmeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open government: Origin, development, and conceptual perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Public Administration]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>381-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
