<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2020000100099</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v87i345.929</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El teorema Heckscher-Ohlin y la economía mexicana. Una visión crítica de la economía neoliberal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem and the Mexican economy. A critical view of neoliberal economics]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Nápoles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Posgrado en Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>345</numero>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>131</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2020000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2020000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2020000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La teoría neoclásica del comercio internacional está basada en gran medida en el teorema de Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O). Esta proposición ha sobrevivido todas las críticas y sigue constituyendo la base de las políticas comerciales de libre mercado. El teorema ha sido puesto a prueba con varias metodologías bajo diversos escenarios; no obstante, la prueba más conocida es la que llevó a cabo Wassily Leontief con la economía estadunidense, usando la matriz de insumo-producto de 1947. Sus resultados contradijeron las predicciones del teorema, lo cual dio origen a la llamada &#8220;paradoja de Leontief&#8221;. Aquí hemos puesto a prueba el teorema H-O en el caso de la economía mexicana, con el fin de descubrir si la estrategia económica del libre mercado impulsó las ventajas comparativas de México basadas en su dotación relativa de factores, como plantea el teorema. Los resultados muestran que el teorema H-O no describe el caso de México en el periodo posterior a la liberalización comercial.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Neoclassical trade theory is largely based on the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) theorem. This proposition has survived all criticisms for many decades, and it is still the basis for orthodox free market trade policies. The theorem has been tested by various methodologies under different scenarios; still, the most cited test was conducted by Wassily Leontief for the U. S. economy using its 1947 input-output table. His results contradicted the theorem&#8217;s predictions, which originated the so called &#8220;Leontief paradox&#8221;. We test the H-O theorem as applied to the Mexican economy to find out whether the economic strategy of free trade has bolstered Mexico&#8217;s comparative advantages based on its relative factor endowments, as the theorem maintains. Our results clearly show that the H-O theorem does not apply to Mexico in the period that follows the trade liberalization.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[paradoja de Leontief]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teorema Heckscher-Ohlin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[libre comercio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[insumo-producto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores productivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leontief paradox]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Heckscher-Ohlin theorem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[free trade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[input-output]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[factor proportions]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
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