<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2019000300799</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v86i343.926</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La privatización de las pensiones: tres décadas de fracasos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pension privatization: Three decades of failure]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán-Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wodsak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Veronika]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zhiming]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Organización Internacional del Trabajo Departamento de Protección Social ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Switzerland</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Organización Internacional del Trabajo Departamento de Protección Social Unidad de Finanzas Públicas y Servicios Actuariales y Estadísticos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Switzerland</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Organización Internacional del Trabajo Departamento de Protección Social Unidad de Finanzas Públicas y Servicios Actuariales y Estadísticos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Switzerland</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Organización Internacional del Trabajo Departamento de Protección Social Unidad de Política Social]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Switzerland</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Organización Internacional del Trabajo Departamento de Protección Social Unidad de Finanzas Públicas y Servicios Actuariales y Estadísticos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Switzerland</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>343</numero>
<fpage>799</fpage>
<lpage>838</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2019000300799&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2019000300799&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2019000300799&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Entre 1981 y 2014, unos 30 países privatizaron total o parcialmente sus sistemas de pensiones públicas obligatorias; en 2018 unos 18 países habían revertido las privatizaciones. Este informe analiza el fracaso de los sistemas de pensiones privadas obligatorias para mejorar la seguridad de ingresos en la vejez y su bajo desempeño en términos de cobertura, niveles de beneficios, costos administrativos, costos de transición e impactos sociales y fiscales negativos, entre otros.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract From 1981 to 2014, thirty countries fully or partially privatized their social security public mandatory pensions; as for 2018, eighteen countries had re-reformed and reversed pension privatization. This report analyses the failure of the private mandatory pensions to improve the security of income in old age and its low performance in coverage rates, benefit levels, administrative costs, transition costs, and negative social and tax impacts, among others.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[privatización de las pensiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reforma de las pensiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguro social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pension privatization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reform on pensions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social security]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social insurance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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