<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2019000300509</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v86i343.925</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Crítica de la teoría económica neoclásica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Critique of neoclassical economic theory]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>343</numero>
<fpage>509</fpage>
<lpage>543</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2019000300509&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2019000300509&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2019000300509&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este ensayo examina críticamente las principales características estructurales y los resultados de la teoría del equilibrio general (TEG). Se revisa el fracaso de la TEG en su intento por demostrar estabilidad global para el caso general de un mercado de n bienes conectado por un sistema de precios. Este resultado negativo es conocido a partir de los trabajos de Arrow, Block, Hurwicz y Scarf; pero esa conclusión se reafirma de manera contundente con el teorema Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu. El ensayo también cubre los modelos de formación de precios con intercambios fuera del equilibrio (modelos de non-tâtonnement) en los que se pierde la unicidad del equilibrio. La presencia del subastador walrasiano y las dificultades para introducir el dinero también son analizadas. La TEG también falla en su intento de demostrar la existencia del equilibrio general competitivo con un teorema de punto fijo, toda vez que los mapeos utilizados en dicha demostración carecen de la interpretación económica que comúnmente se les atribuye. Finalmente, el ensayo analiza algunas implicaciones para la teoría macroeconómica neoclásica y el proyecto reduccionista con expectativas racionales y agentes representativos para dotar de &#8220;microfundamentos&#8221; al análisis macroeconómico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper contains a critical examination of the main features and results of the general equilibrium theory (get). We review get&#1370;s failure in its attempt to demonstrate global stability for the general case of a n-commodity market connected through a price system. This is a well known result based on the works of Arrow, Block, Hurwicz and Scarf; but it is now also a well established fact after the Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu theorem. The paper also covers the case of price formation in trading models (non-tâtonnement) where uniqueness of equilibrium is lost. The presence of the walrasian auctioneer and the difficulties inherent to the introduction of money are also examined. The essay also shows how get fails to demonstrate the existence of a general competitive equilibrium with a fixed point theorem because the mappings that are used in this effort lack the economic interpretation commonly attributed to them. Finally, the essay also highlights some of the implications of this negative scorecard for neoclassical macroeconomic theory and its reductionist project with rational expectations and representative agents to provide &#8220;micro-foundations&#8221; to macroeconomic analysis.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría del equilibrio general]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[existencia del equilibrio general competitivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[subastador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microfundamentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[general equilibrium theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[existence of the general competitive equilibrium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[auctioneer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu theorem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microfoundations]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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