<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2012000100125</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estándares vs sistemas de permisos transables con costos de fiscalización. Aplicación al caso de fuentes fijas en Bogotá]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajardo Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Germán Darío]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez Rebolledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Concepción  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Concepción Departamento de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>313</numero>
<fpage>125</fpage>
<lpage>155</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2012000100125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2012000100125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2012000100125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Estudiamos la propiedad de costo efectividad de diferentes estrategias de regulación tendientes a mejorar la calidad ambiental. Nuestro análisis prospectivo considera la aplicación de sistema de permisos de emisión transable (SPET), sistema de permisos ambientales transables (SPAT) y estándares (Est) de fuentes fijas en Bogotá, Colombia. Un modelo de simulación numérica permitió obtener costos de cumplimiento de cada sistema de regulación, los cuales fueron comparados con la calidad ambiental inducida. Los resultados permiten concluir que el instrumento de más costo efectivo para cualquier meta de calidad ambiental es el SPET, seguido del SPAT y finalmente los Est. Además, el artículo presenta un nuevo resultado conceptual de la elaboración de estrategias de fiscalización para instrumentos de regulación que consideran la contaminación de forma espacialmente diferenciada. Los resultados sugieren que, para cualquier meta de mejoramiento ambiental, inducir cumplimiento en un SPAT es más barato que hacerlo en cualquier otro sistema de regulación considerado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We study the cost effectiveness property of different control strategies for improving environmental quality. Our prospective analysis considers the application of Transferable Emissions Permit System (TEPS), Transferable Ambient Permit System (TAPS) and Standards (STD) applied on fix sources in Bogota-Colombia. A numerical simulation model allowed us to obtain costs of each regulatory system, which were compared with associated environmental quality. The results show that the most cost effective regulation for any environmental quality goal is TEPS, followed by TAPS and finally Std. In addition, the paper presents a new conceptual result on the enforcement strategies for a regulatory instrument that considers a spatially differentiated pollutant. The results suggest that for any goal of environmental improvement, a TAPS induce compliance cheaper than in any other regulatory system under consideration.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[costo-efectividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fiscalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[costos de cumplimiento]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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