<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2009000200283</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Apertura comercial, desigualdad y pobreza. Reseña de los enfoques metodológicos, el estado del conocimiento y la asignatura pendiente]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lustig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nora]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Secretaría de Educación Pública  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,George Washington University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>302</numero>
<fpage>283</fpage>
<lpage>328</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2009000200283&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2009000200283&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2009000200283&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El estudio presenta una reseña de los principales enfoques metodológicos que se han utilizado para evaluar el efecto de la apertura comercial en la distribución del ingreso y la pobreza en la América Latina. La gran cantidad de estudios en la materia fueron clasificados según el indicador de bienestar utilizado: desigualdad (salarial e ingresos de los hogares) o pobreza. La reseña demuestra que un enfoque metodológico con el suficiente rigor analítico debe tomar en cuenta: el grado de trasmisión de cambios aranceles a cambios precios internos, todas las fuentes de ingreso, posibles efectos en el empleo, consecuencias diferenciadas en hombres y mujeres y en distintas regiones geográficas, y efectos de segundo orden, así como también efectos de equilibrio general. Dos metodologías representan los esfuerzos más recientes en esta dirección: i) los modelos de generación de ingreso del hogar (Porto, 2007), los cuales vinculan de manera implícita los cambios arancelarios con los cambios en el ingreso de los hogares y son capaces de evaluar &#8212;de modo empírico&#8212; los distintos canales de trasmisión entre la política comercial y la desigualdad y la pobreza, y ii) el enfoque macro-micro (Bourguingon et al, 2008), que combina modelos de equilibrio general con modelos de micro simulación y permite evaluar la política comercial tomando en cuenta los efectos de equilibrio general. Estos dos enfoques pueden ser utilizados de manera complentaria para medir los efectos distributivos y de pobreza provenientes de la política comercial en el corto y el largo plazos, respectivamente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This paper surveys the recent literature on the methodologies that have been used to evaluate the distributive and poverty effects of trade liberalization in Latin America. Our survey classifies the large number of papers on the subject according to the welfare measure they use: inequality (on wages and household income) or poverty. Our survey shows that a sound methodological approach evaluating the welfare effects of trade liberalization should take into account: the degree of tariff to price Transmission, all income sources (not only wages), employment effects, gender and regional heterogeneity of trade&#8217;s impact, and second-order as well as general equilibrium effects. Two methodologies represent the latest efforts in this direction. (1) Income generation models with an explicit relationship between changes in tariff and changes in household real income (Porto, 2007), this methodology is capable of testing the different Transmission channels linking trade policy and inequality and poverty. (2) The Macro-Micro approach (Bourguingon et al, 2008) which combines a CGE with a micro-simulation model evaluates the welfare effects of trade policy taking into account general equilibrium effects. These two approaches can be combined to get the short- and long-term welfare effects of trade policy, respectively.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[apertura comercial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pobreza]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Artecona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunningham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Effects of Trade Liberalization on the Gender Gap in Mexico]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Income Inequality in OECD Countries: Data and Explanations]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CESifo GmbH]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avelino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effects of Capital Mobility, Trade Openness, and Democracy on Social Spending in Latin America, 1980-1999]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Political Science]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>625-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World Development Report 2000/1, Attacking Poverty]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[A Source book for Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Global Economic Prospects 2002]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World Development Report 2006, Equity and Development]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tania]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Providing a Healthier Start to Life: The Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer on Infant Mortality]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergoeing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raphael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Repetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Productivity Dynamics&#8221;, 15th Inter American Seminar on Economics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>329-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multi-Product Firms and Trade Liberalization]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>12782</numero>
<issue>12782</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NBER]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ela R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[We Are Poor But So Many. The Story of Self-Employed Women in India]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blinder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wage Discrimination: Reduced form and Structural Estimates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Human Resources]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>436-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourguignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fournier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurgand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fast Development with Stable Income Distribution: Taiwan, 1979-1994]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Income and Wealth]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>1-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourguignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bussolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution-Macro-Micro Evaluation Techniques and Tools]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourguignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luiz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Impact of Economic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution: Evaluation Techniques and Tools]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourguignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lustig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nora]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The microeconomics of income distribution dynamics in East Asia and Latin America]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourguignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Growth Elasticity of Poverty Reduction: Explaining Heterogeneity across Countries and Time Periods]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eicher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turnovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inequality and Growth. Theory and Policy Implications]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourguignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morrisson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inequality among World Citizens: 1890-1992]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>727-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burtless]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Globalization and the Problem of Income Polarization]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ International Forum for the Public]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Tokio, Japan </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bussolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Round]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Globalisation and Poverty: Channels and Policy Responses]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge and Warwick Studies in Globalisation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bussolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Globalisation and Poverty Changes in Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bussolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Round]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Globalisation and Poverty: Channels and Policy Responses]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge and Warwick Studies in Globalisation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Linda S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pass Through of Exchange Rates to Consumption Prices: What Has Changed and Why?]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>12547</numero>
<issue>12547</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NBER]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La agenda complentaria al Cafta. El caso de Guatemala]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Latin American Trade Network]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shaohua]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravallion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Developing World Is Poorer Than We Thought, But No Less Successful in the Fight against Poverty]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>4703</numero>
<issue>4703</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiquiar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Globalization, Regional Wage Differentials and the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: Evidence from Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Economics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>70-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cicowiez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conconi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Linking Trade and Pro-Poor growth: a survey]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>91</numero>
<issue>91</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Red Latinoamericana de Política Comercial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walter]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicholson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers: Results of a Survey of Recipients Under the Trade Act of 1974]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research in Labor Economics]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>417-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Israel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Oportunidades y pobreza en México: 2002-2004]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Economics of Poverty and Inequality]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Elgar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cragg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Epelbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why has Wage Dispersion Grown in Mexico? Is it the Incidence of Reforms or the Growing Demand for Skills?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>99-116</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Microeconomics of Inequality, Poverty and Market Liberalizing Reforms]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>2005/63</numero>
<issue>2005/63</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Helsinki ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNU-WIDER]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Structural Modelling of Female Labour Participation and Occupation Decisions]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>0611</numero>
<issue>0611</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge Working Papers in Economics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[North-South Trade Agreements and Household Welfare: Mexico under NAFTA]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bussolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can Maquila Booms Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Honduras?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bussolo]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Hoyos]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deardorff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measurement of Nontariff Barriers]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Michigan Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Getting Prices Right: What Should Be Done?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Perspectives]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>37-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Health in an Age of Globalization]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>10669</numero>
<issue>10669</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NBER]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Decker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International Trade and Worker Displacement: Evaluation of the Trade Adjustment Assistance Program]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial and Labor Relations Review]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>758-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dixit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Optimization in Economic Theory]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Norwich ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dixit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Theory of International Trade]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dollar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kraay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aart]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth Is Good for the Poor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Growth, Springer]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>195-225</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[George A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis cuantitativo de los efectos de transferencias al sector rural: Ingreso objetivo, Procampo y Oportunidades]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ederington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josh]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCalman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Phillip]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endogenous firm heterogeneity and the dynamics of trade liberalization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Economics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>422-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edmonds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavcnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Child Labor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Economics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>401-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edmonds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavcnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Topalova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Petia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trade Liberalization, Child Labor, and Schooling: Evidence from India]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technology, Trade and Wage Inequality in Mexico before and af ter NAFTA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>543-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feenstra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment and Relative Wages: Evidence from Mexico&#8217;s Maquiladoras]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>371-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wai-Poi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trade Liberalization, Employment Flows, and Wage Inequality in Brazil]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>4108</numero>
<issue>4108</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravallion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Poverty and Inequality: A Review of the Evidence]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>4623</numero>
<issue>4623</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fields]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accounting for Income Inequality and its Change: A New Method, with Application to the Distribution of Earnings in the United States]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polachek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research in Labor Economics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Greenwich ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorbecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Greer E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Class of Decomposable Poverty Indices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>761-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freije]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Calva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Changes in Urban Wage Inequality in Mexico, before and after NAFTA]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Third Annual Conference of the Euro-Latin Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Kiel, Alemania </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Global Facilitation Partnership for Transportation and Trade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GFP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enabling SMEs to Enter the International Supply Chain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GFP Explanatory Notes]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pinelopi]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavcnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distributional Effects of Globalization in Developing Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Literature]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pinelopi]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavcnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trade, Inequality, and Poverty: What Do We Know? Evidence from Recent Trade Liberalization Episodes in Developing Countries]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>W10593</numero>
<issue>W10593</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NBER]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ania]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soloaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expected impact of Doha Development Agenda on Nicaragua]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoekman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernard M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olarreaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcelo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Trade and Poor Nations: The Poverty Impacts and Policy Implications of Liberalization]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brookings Institution Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gordon H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[What Has Happened to Wages in Mexico since NAFTA?]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>9563</numero>
<issue>9563</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NBER]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gordon H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Globalization, Labor Income, and Poverty in Mexico]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>W11027</numero>
<issue>W11027</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NBER]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Who Gains from Trade Reform? Some Remaining Puzzles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>125-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación del impacto de oportunidades en la mortalidad materna e infantil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación externa del impacto del Programa Oportunidades 2003]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hertel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeffrey]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predicting the Poverty Impacts of Trade Reform]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Trade &amp; Economic Development, Taylor and Francis Journals]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>377-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoekman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernard M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olarreaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcelo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Trade and Poor Nations: The Poverty Impacts and Policy Implications of Liberalization]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Po Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brookings Institution Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iacovone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javorcik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beata]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Getting Ready: Preparation For Exporting]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ianchovichina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alessandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soloaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isidro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trade Reform and Household Welfare: The Case of Mexico]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>2667</numero>
<issue>2667</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Terry R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klepinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluation of the Impacts of the Washington Alternative Work Experiment]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<numero>91-4</numero>
<issue>91-4</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chinhui]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kevin M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brooks]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wage Inequality and the Rise in the Returns to Skill]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>410-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lawrence F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kevin M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and Demand Factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>35-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kraay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aart]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[When is Growth Pro-Poor? Evidence from a Pa nel of Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>198-227</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soloaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isidro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoekman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernard M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olarreaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcelo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Trade and Poor Nations: The Poverty Impacts and Policy Implications of Liberalization]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brookings Institution Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crop Markets and Household Participation]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyenn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bringing Cellular Phone Service to Rural Areas: Grameen Telecom and Village Pay Phones in Bangladesh]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Viewpoint Note]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>184</numero>
<issue>184</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rothman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dov]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does Trade Affect Child Health?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Health Economics]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>538-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Justin Yifu]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development and Transition: Idea, Strategy and Viability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marshall Lectures 2007-2008]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lustig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nora]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thought for Food: the Challenges of Coping with Soaring Food Prices]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Center for Global Development]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCulloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cirera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trade Liberalisation and Poverty: A Handbook]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centre for Economic Policy Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meléndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Structure of Wages under Trade Liberalization: Mexico from 1984 to 1998]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Honduras: Agenda Complementaria del DR-CAFTA]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Latin American Trade Network]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Branko]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Worlds Apart: Global and International Inequality 1950-2000]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Branko]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Income Inequality: What it is and why it Matters]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>3865</numero>
<issue>3865</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yemtsov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inequality and Growth in Transition: Does China&#8217;s Rising Inequality Portend Russia&#8217;s Future?]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ World Bank ABCDE Conference Beyond Transition]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>San Petersburgo </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Bonilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mexico-Do the Poor Benefit from Increased Openness?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganuza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Who Gains From Free Trade: Export-Led Growth, Inequality and Poverty in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge Studies in Development Economics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alessandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Efficiency and Equity of a Marginal Tax Reform: Income, Quality, and Price Elasticities for Mexico]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>3266</numero>
<issue>3266</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oaxaca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>693-709</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ann L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is Trade Good For Your Health?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of International Economics]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>660-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación del impacto de oportunidades sobre la inscripción, reprobación y abandono escolar]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación externa del impacto del Programa Oportunidades 2003]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cuernavaca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olarreaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trade Liberalization, Inequality and Poverty Reduction in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Petersburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guido]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Economics]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>140-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guido]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Globalisation and Poverty in Latin America: Some Channels and Some Evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The World Economy]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1430-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Globalization and Workers in Developing Countries]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>2958</numero>
<issue>2958</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desigualdad salarial y desplazamiento de la demanda calificada en México, 1993-1999]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EL TRIMESTRE ECONÓMICO]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>LXXI</volume>
<numero>283</numero>
<issue>283</issue>
<page-range>625-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B91">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravallion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pro-Poor Growth: A Primer]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>3242</numero>
<issue>3242</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B92">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Global Trade Analysis Project]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B93">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Revenga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Employment and the Wage Effect of Trade Liberalization: The Case of Mexican Manufacturing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Labour Economics]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>S20-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B94">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raymond]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade Liberalization and Wage Inequality: Lessons from the Mexican Experience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The World Economy]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>827-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B95">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raymond]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade and Wages: Two Puzzles from Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The World Economy]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1378-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B96">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dani]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic Growth]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B97">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Paramo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Off and Running? Technology, Trade, and the Rising Demand for Skilled Workers in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>3015</numero>
<issue>3015</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B98">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shinkai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Naoko]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Does the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem Explain the Movement in Wages? The Linkage Between Trade and Wages in Latin American Countries]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>436</numero>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Annual Meeting of the Midwest Economic Association]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<issue>436</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B99">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shorrocks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inequality Decomposition by Factor Components]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>193-211</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B100">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Squire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultural Household Models. Extensions, Applications, and Policy]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Johns Hopkins University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B101">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szekely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aspectos de la desigualdad en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EL TRIMESTRE ECONÓMICO]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>LXII</volume>
<numero>246</numero>
<issue>246</issue>
<page-range>201-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B102">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Edward]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[George]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yúnez-Naude]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disaggregated Rural Economy wide Models for Policy Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1671-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B103">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Edward]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edward]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yúnez-Naude]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jesurun-Clements]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Does Agricultural Liberalization Reduce Rural Welfare in Less Developed Countries? The Case of CAFTA]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>07-001</numero>
<issue>07-001</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B104">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganuza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Who Gains From Free Trade: Export-Led Growth, Inequality and Poverty in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge Studies in Development Economics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B105">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shang-jin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Life-and-Death Implications of Globalization]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Monetario Internacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B106">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade Liberalisation and Economic Performance: An Overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Journal]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<page-range>F4-F21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B107">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCulloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade Liberalization and Poverty: The Evidence so Far]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Literature]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>72-115</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B108">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ridao-Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Skill, Trade, and International Inequality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Economic Papers]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>89-119</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
