<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2006000200337</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v73i290.547</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Grupos de interés y reforma comercial en México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Mier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guanajuato Escuela de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>290</numero>
<fpage>337</fpage>
<lpage>361</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2006000200337&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2006000200337&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2006000200337&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN: En los pasados dos decenios México transitó de una economía proteccionista a otra abierta y orientada a la exportación. ¿Por qué fue el proteccionismo una política estable y cómo fue sustituido por una reforma que actuó contra intereses creados? Para contestar estas preguntas utilizo un modelo de teoría de juegos en que la influencia de los grupos de interés influye en las decisiones de política. Al ajustar los parámetros del modelo a los datos, el juego cooperativo subyacente tiene un núcleo vacío y predice que una coalición de empresas que sustituyen importaciones y el gobierno es &#8220;estable&#8221; hasta los años ochenta. Para tomar en cuenta los cambios en las opciones del financiación del gobierno a fines de esos años y principios de los noventa, se ajustan los parámetros del modelo. De ahí surge un nuevo equilibrio único que predice la adopción de una política de libre comercio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT: Mexico experienced widespread economic reform in the last two decades. From being a protectionist economy with a policy of import substitution, it has turned into an export-oriented open economy. Why was protectionism a stable policy, and how was it overturned by a reform that went against entrenched interests? I apply a game theoretic model of political influence and economic reform to answer these questions using data to calculate the payoffs for the relevant interest groups. In the underlying cooperative game, the core is empty and a protectionist coalition of import-substituting firms and the government was &#8220;stable&#8221; until the eighties. Adjusting the model&#8217;s parameters to changes in the government&#8217;s financing options in the late eighties and early nineties leads to a different and unique outcome. In the predicted out come a free trade policy is adopted through cooperation between all players.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reforma comercial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[formación de coalición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aspiraciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[juegos cooperativos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grupos de interés]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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