<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-6760</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Veterinaria México OA]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Veterinaria México OA]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-6760</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-67602022000100308</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2022.986</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of the administration route of gonadotropin releasing hormone on the reproductive performance of multiparous Holstein cows]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mozaffari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sirous]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mojtaba]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Razi University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Kermanshah ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-67602022000100308&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-67602022000100308&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-67602022000100308&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We investigated the effect of epidural versus intramuscular administration of alarelin acetate (GnRHa; 25 ug) at artificial insemination (AI; day 0) and/or 7 days after AI on the pregnancy rate (PR) of Holstein cows that exhibited estrus spontaneously after their voluntary wait period. Cows (n = 117) were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. In groups IM0, IM7, and IM07 (n = 12 per group), cows received GnRHa intramuscularly (IM) at 0 or 7 days, or both, respectively. In groups EP0 (n = 19), EP7 (n = 13) and EP07 (n = 11), cows received GnRHa at the sacrococcygeal epidural site (EP) at 0 or 7 days, or both, respectively. Animals in the control group (CON) received 5 mL of normal saline at 0 and 7 days. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by rectal palpation of the uterine horns 60 days post AI. Results showed a significant difference in PR/first AI between IM0 and EP7 groups (16.67% vs. 61.54%; P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the results showed no significant differences in overall PR after two rounds of inseminations among all groups 60 days after the second AI. In conclusion, epidural injection of GnRHa 7 days after AI versus its intramuscular injection at AI improved PR/first AI significantly in Holstein lactating cows.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[artificial insemination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epidural administration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GnRH]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Holstein cows]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pregnancy rate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spontaneous estrus]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<given-names><![CDATA[WW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macmillan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Entwistle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New clinical uses of GnRH and its analogues in cattle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Animal Reproduction Science]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1-4</numero>
<issue>1-4</issue>
<page-range>27-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
