<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-654X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios de Asia y África]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. Asia Áfr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-654X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-654X2024000100001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/eaa.v59i1.2719</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Encrucijadas de la identidad: acotaciones antigeopolíticas a la historia kurda de Turquía]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Crossroads of Identity: Anti-Geopolitical Annotations to the Kurdish History of Turkey]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cirianni Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estremo Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Berlín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México Centro de Estudios de Asia y África ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-654X2024000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-654X2024000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-654X2024000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Desde la formación de la república de Turquía, la identidad y los proyectos políticos de la población kurda que habita el territorio de ese país han atravesado enormes desafíos. La comprensión de las formas en las que los kurdos de Turquía se han pensado a sí mismos e ideado estrategias de resistencia a la asimilación cultural no es un proceso homogéneo o lineal, pues requiere la observación de un panorama complejo de debates sociales. Nuestro análisis de dicho panorama pretende evitar definiciones identitarias esencialistas que contribuyen a la simplificación de los análisis sobre la región. En este artículo, exponemos algunos momentos clave en esa historia de debates en los que lo religioso, lo étnico y lo estatal forman encrucijadas y dilemas que buscan contribuir al pensamiento crítico sobre la región.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Since the creation of the Republic of Turkey, the identity and the political projects of the country&#8217;s Kurdish population have faced enormous challenges. Understanding how the Kurds in Turkey have thought about themselves and developed forms of resistance to cultural assimilation is not a homogeneous and linear process, it demands the observation of a complex landscape of social debates. Our analysis of some of these debates aims to avoid essentialist definitions of identity that have led to over-simplified explanations about the political dynamics of the region. This article highlights some key moments in this history of social debates that interweave religion, ethnicity, and the state. These key moments, we argue, are crossroads that pose dilemmas to enrich critical thinking about the region.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[kurdos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Turquía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[identidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[religión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kurds]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Turkey]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[identity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[politics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[religion]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erika Susana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mujer-vida-libertad. Participación de las mujeres en el proyecto económico/ecológico de la Federación Democrática del norte de Siria-Rojava]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>150-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antweiler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christoph]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethnicity from an Anthropological Perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ethnicity as a Political Resource: Conceptualizations across Disciplines, Regions, and Periods]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>25-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bielefeld ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Cologne Forum]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Minutas de la Asamblea General]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aslan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Azize]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía anticapitalista en Rojava. Las contradicciones de la revolución en la lucha kurda]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Guadalajara ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atabaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Touraj]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The State and the Subaltern. Modernization, Society and the State in Turkey and Iran]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[I.B. Tauris]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atacan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fulya]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Kurdish Islamist Group in Modern Turkey: Shifting Identities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Middle Eastern Studies]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>111-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Umut]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Islam and Secularism in Turkey. Kemalism, Religion and the Nation State]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[I.B. Tauris]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fredrik]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rendón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio Lugo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los grupos étnicos y sus fronteras]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tesis sobre la historia y otros fragmentos]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Itaca]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruinessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin van]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agha, Shaikh and State. The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Zed Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruinessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin van]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genocide in Kurdistan? The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937-38) and the Chemical War Against the Iraqi Kurds (1988)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Andreopoulus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conceptual and Historical Dimension of Genocide]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>141-70</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Filadelfia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Pensylvania Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruinessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin van]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mullas, Sufis, and Heretics: The Role of Religion in Kurdish Society: Collected Articles]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Piscataway ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gorgias Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruinessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin van]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Kurds as Objects and Subjects of Historiography: Turkish and Kurdish Nationalists Struggling Over Identity]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Identität Ethnizität und Nationalismus in Kurdistan]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>13-61</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Münster ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lit Verlag]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cansiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sakine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Toda mi vida fue una lucha]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones América Libre]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Estatalidad de facto o autonomismo democrático? El proyecto político de los kurdos en Siria e Irak]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Istor]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>70</numero>
<issue>70</issue>
<page-range>73-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Centro de Medios Libres</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Carta del Movimiento de Mujeres de Kurdistán a María de Jesús Patricio Martínez, vocera del Consejo Indígena de Gobierno #CIG #CNI]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Çevik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yusuf]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Reflections of Kurdish Islamism and Everchanging Discourse of Kurdish Nationalists Toward Islam in Turkey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Turkish Journal of Politics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>87-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cirianni Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sufismos subversivos: las rebeliones sufíes como elementos formativos del laicismo kemalista]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banerjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ishita]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dube]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saurabh]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Culturas políticas y políticas culturales. Escenarios de Asia, África, Europa y América]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>169-94</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cirianni Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Tradición o déjà vu? La deriva nacionalista turca y las disidencias religiosas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moisés Garduño]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Justicia social, sectarización y el papel del Orden Mundial en Norte de África y Medio Oriente a diez años de las protestas populares árabes]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>409-28</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comaroff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comaroff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ethnicity]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Inc. Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conde Zambada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geopolíticas y antigeopolíticas de la cuestión kurda en perspectiva histórica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Istor]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>70</numero>
<issue>70</issue>
<page-range>51-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conde Zambada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tan lejos y tan cerca: convergencias en la búsqueda de la emancipación en las rebeliones kurda y zapatista]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bajo el Volcán]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>225-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Congreso Nacional Indígena</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Carta al Movimiento de Mujeres de Kurdistán Komalên Jinên Kurdistan (KJK)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crenshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kimberle]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stanford Law Review]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1241-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Lucio Atonal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Jineolojî: pensamiento crítico y prácticas emancipadoras desde el Kurdistán]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>137-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dressler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Markus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Writing Religion. The Making of Turkish Alevi Islam]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drulák]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Petr]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Between Geopolitics and Anti-geopolitics: Czech Political Thought]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geopolitics]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>420-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estremo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conflictos políticos en torno al agua en el Tigris y Éufrates]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estremo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La construcción de nacionalismos en el Kurdistán y la Revolución del Royavá (Bakur)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Güler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Serpil]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ünal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Haluk]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Küçük kara bal&#305;klar]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Turquía ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Drama &#304;stanbul Film Atöylesi]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gündo&#287;an]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nezahat]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[&#304;ki tutam saç: Dersim&#8217;in kay&#305;p k&#305;zlar&#305;]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Turquía ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yapim 13 Film]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una revisión histórica del problema kurdo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel Férez]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estos son los kurdos. Análisis de una nación]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>15-43</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez de Terán Gómez-Benita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El autonomismo kurdo en Siria: el proyecto de Rojava en el contexto de un estado en flotación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>84-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallaq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wael B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Impossible State. Islam, Politics, and Modernity&#8217;s Moral Predicament]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Columbia University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isla Lope]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La vinculación histórica de la cuestión kurda con el Orden Mundial: del Tratado de Sèvres a la Pax Americana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>11-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalyvas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Democratic Narcissus: the Agonism of the Ancients Compared to that of the (post)Moderns]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Law and Agonistic Politics]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>15-42</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Aldershot ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ashgate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kezer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zeynep]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Building Modern Turkey. State, Space, and Ideology in the Early Republic]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Pittsburgh ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Pittsburgh Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korkmaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esat]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perinçek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Do&#287;u]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Laiklik Nedir? Aleviler Niçin Laik Olmak Zorundad&#305;r?]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Estambul ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[&#350;ahkulu Sultan Külliyesi Vafkf&#305; Yay&#305;nlar&#305;]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mehmet]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Kurdish Hizbullah in Turkey. Islamism, Violence and the State]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pluto Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuzu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Durukan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multiculturalism in Turkey. The Kurds and the State]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gary L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biographical Dictionary of Geography]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Westport ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Greenwood Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDowall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Modern History of Kurds]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[I.B. Tauris]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mélikoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irène]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bektashi/K&#305;z&#305;lba&#351;: Historical Bipartition and Its Consequences]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tord]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Özclalga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raudvere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catharina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Alevi Identity. Cultural, Religious and Social Perspectives]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>1-10</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Estambul ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ryuta]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Kurdish Nurcu Movement in Modern Turkey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies of Japan]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>185-202</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Öcalan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guerra y paz en el Kurdistán: perspectivas para una solución política de la cuestión kurda]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colonia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Initiative &#8220;Freedom for Abdullah Öcalan-Peace in Kurdistan&#8221;]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Öcalan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Confederalismo democrático]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colonia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Initiative &#8220;Freedom for Abdullah Öcalan-Peace in Kurdistan&#8221;]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poyraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bedriye]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Turkish State and Alevis: Changing Parameters of an Uneasy Relationship]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Middle Eastern Studies]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>503-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabinovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exilio domiciliario: avatares de un destierro diferente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Athenea Digital]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>329-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Massimo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Making of a Postsecular Society. A Durkheimian Approach to Memory, Pluralism and Religion in Turkey]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Routledge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Geopolitics Reader]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>245-55</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rita Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Nación y sus otros. Raza, etnicidad y diversidad religiosa en tiempos de políticas de identidad]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prometeo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shankland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Alevis in Turkey. The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wendy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Whose Hittites, and Why? Language, Archaeology and the Quest for the Original Turks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archaeology Under Dictatorship]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>131-53</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Kluwer Aacademic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Üngör]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U&#287;ur Ümit]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Making of Modern Turkey. Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reading Islam. Life and Politics of Brotherhood in Modern Turkey]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Leiden ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallerstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Immanuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis de sistemas-mundo: una introducción]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Max]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía y sociedad]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zürcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erik]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Turkey: A Modern History]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[I.B. Tauris]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
