<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-654X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios de Asia y África]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. Asia Áfr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-654X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-654X2022000300577</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/eaa.v57i3.2829</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La Red de Acción de Timor Oriental y la defensa transnacional: el cabildeo interno y la presión internacional para la autodeterminación en Timor-Leste]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The East Timor Action Network and Transnational Advocacy: Domestic Lobbying and International Pressure for Self-determination in Timor-Leste]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chris]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>577</fpage>
<lpage>600</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-654X2022000300577&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-654X2022000300577&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-654X2022000300577&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Son muchos los factores que contribuyeron a la programación, en agosto de 1999, del referéndum en Timor-Leste que condujo a la independencia del país, entre ellos la abdicación de Suharto, la vulnerabilidad de Indonesia a la presión después de la crisis económica de Asia Oriental, la confianza de Indonesia en que prevalecería su dominio si utilizaba los métodos habituales de intimidación y manipulación y, por supuesto, la lucha política y armada de quienes apoyaron y murieron por la independencia en Timor-Leste. Otro elemento son las redes de solidaridad que surgieron entre activistas de varios países que ejercieron presión interna sobre sus gobiernos para obligarlos a cambiar su política hacia Indonesia. Este artículo examina la Red de Acción de Timor Oriental, fundada en 1991 en Estados Unidos, y su estrategia de cabildeo y presión interna. Con base en el modelo de Sikkink y Keck de redes temáticas basadas en principios y su capacidad para ejercer presión interna y lograr resultados internacionales, se muestra cómo la Red influyó con éxito para cambiar la política exterior de Estados Unidos respecto a Indonesia y contribuyó a la autodeterminación en Timor-Leste.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Many factors contributed to the timing, in August 1999, of the referendum in Timor-Leste that led to the country&#8217;s independence; among them: Suharto&#8217;s abdication, Indonesia&#8217;s vulnerability to pressure after the East Asian economic crisis, Indonesia&#8217;s confidence that it will prevail using its usual methods of intimidation and manipulation, and, of course, the political and armed struggle of who supported and died for independence in Timor-Leste. Another element was the solidarity networks that emerged among activists from various countries who exerted internal pressure on their governments to force them to change their policy towards Indonesia. This article examines the East Timor Action Network, founded in 1991 in the United States, and its lobbying and internal pressure strategy. Building on Sikkink and Keck&#8217;s model of principle-based issue networks and their ability to exert domestic pressure for international results, this article shows how the Network successfully lobbied for change in US foreign policy toward Indonesia and contributed to the self-determination in Timor-Leste.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Timor-Leste]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Indonesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Red de Acción de Timor Oriental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derechos humanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[activismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Timor-Leste]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Indonesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[East Timor Action Network]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human rights]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[activism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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