<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-654X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios de Asia y África]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. Asia Áfr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-654X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-654X2021000300485</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/eaa.v56i3.2695</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La mediación de la Organización de la Unidad Africana durante los conflictos del Cuerno de África (1963-1991)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Organisation of African Unity&#8217;s Mediating Role During the Conflicts in the Horn of Africa (1963-1991)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arconada-Ledesma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>485</fpage>
<lpage>515</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-654X2021000300485&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-654X2021000300485&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-654X2021000300485&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de profundizar en el papel de la Organización de la Unidad Africana (OUA) en la resolución y la mediación de conflictos en la región del Cuerno de África durante el periodo de la Guerra Fría. Actualmente hay una controversia en torno a su actuación en estos procesos y es necesario examinar su actividad en la zona. De este modo, a través de un análisis de los documentos de la institución regional que hacen referencia a los conflictos de Ogaden (1964), la guerra de los Shifta (1963-1967) y la segunda guerra de Ogaden (1977-1978), se pretende arrojar un poco de luz sobre un tema específico que puede resultar muy novedoso. Para esta investigación se revisó la bibliografía de fuentes documentales de la OUA y la ONU, así como de artículos de prensa.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This research delves into the role of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in the resolution and mediation of conflicts in the Horn of Africa during the Cold War period. Its regional activities over the years in question warrant this analysis given the current controversy surrounding them. By studying this regional institution&#8217;s records on the Ogaden conflict (1964), the Shifta War (1963-1967), and the second Ogaden War (1977-1978), the article sheds new light on a specific subject. The research is based on a review of OAU and un documentary sources, as well as press articles.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Organización de la Unidad Africana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Kenia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Etiopía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Somalia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conflictos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Organisation of African Unity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kenya]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ethiopia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Somalia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[conflicts]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Addis Ababa Summit</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Addis Ababa: Publications and Foreign Languages Press Department]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed Mohammed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Seid]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Organization of African Unity and the African Diplomacy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Izmir Review of Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>95-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arconada Ledesma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guerras fronterizas en el Cuerno de África: el conflicto etíope-somalí y sus consecuencias]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Seco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Sirvent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Lloret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Del siglo XIX al XXI. Tendencias y debates: XIV Congreso de la Asociación de Historia Contemporánea, Universidad de Alicante 20-22 de Septiembre de 2018]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Alicante ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arconada Ledesma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El proceso de descolonización de Yibuti: entre la influencia de Francia y la disputa etíope-somalí]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Andrés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuadrado Bolaños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jara]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ledesma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo Arconada]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[África, un continente en transformación. Enfoques interdisciplinares]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>87-103</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valladolid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Valladolid]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[18a sesión plenaria, 37º periodo de sesiones, Nueva York, 5 de octubre de 1982]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asamblea Nacional de Kenia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Actas del Parlamento, tercera sesión, 2 de noviembre-10 de diciembre de 1965]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AyeLe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fantahun]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Ethiopian Army: From Victory to Collapse, 1977-1991]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Evanston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Northwestern University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belachew Yihun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Belete]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethiopian Foreign Policy and the Ogaden War: The Shift from &#8216;Containment&#8217; to &#8216;Destabilization&#8217;, 1977-1991]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Eastern African Studies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>677-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brubeck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Memorandum for the President [John F.Kennedy]]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[25 de octubre de 1963. Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President&#8217;s Office Files. Countries. Somali Republic: General, 1962-1963]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bukarambe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bukar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role and Impact of the OAU in the Management of African Conflicts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Survival: Global Politics and Strategy]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>50-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervenka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zdenek]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Unfinished Quest for Unity. Africa and the OAU]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Friedmann]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chanaiwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Southern Africa since 1935]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Mazrui]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wondji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christophe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[General History of Africa. Vol. 8: Africa since 1935]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<page-range>249-84</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNESCO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mediazione del Sudan fra Etiopia e Somalia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Corriere della Sera]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<page-range>16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Somalia e Etiopia sospendono i combattimenti]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Corriere della Sera]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<page-range>7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fallita l&#8217;operazione Ogaden]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Corriere della Sera]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<page-range>4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor Osaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abiodun Olanrewaju]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Assessment of the Transformation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) to the African Union (AU), 1963-2007]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>41-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fontrier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marc]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La crise de 1963-1964 en Ogadén]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales d&#8217;Éthiopie]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>181-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FredLand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The OAU after Ten Years: Can It Survive?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[African Affairs]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>288</numero>
<issue>288</issue>
<page-range>309-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heerten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lasse]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Dirk]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Nigeria-Biafra War Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moses A.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Dirk]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heerten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lasse]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide. The Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>169-203</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Issa-salwe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abdisalam M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cold War Fallout: Boundary Politics and Conflict in the Horn of Africa]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Haan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kabunda Badi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mbuyi]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngoie Tshibambe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Germain]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La secesión de Katanga revisitada o las incertidumbres de la creación del Estado-nación en el África postcolonial]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jordi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Secesionismo en África]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>329-65</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edicions Bellaterra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasanda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Albert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring Pan-Africanism&#8217;s Theories: From Race-Based Solidarity to Political Unity and Beyond]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of African Cultural Studies]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>179-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Le Front de Libération Somali est prêt à négocier avec l&#8217;Éthiopie]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Le Monde]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ioan Myrddin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Modern History of the Somali. Nation and State in the Horn of Africa]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[James Currey]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lockyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opposing Foreign Intervention&#8217;s Impact on the Warfare in Civil Wars: The Case of the Ethiopian-Ogaden Civil War, 1976-1980]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[African Security]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>181-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmoud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hussein Abdullahi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seeking Citizenship on the Border: Kenya Somalis, the Uncertainty of Belonging, and Public Sphere Interactions]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Codesria 12th General Assembly]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2008</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Yaoundé, Camerún </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ethiopia: The Last Two Frontiers]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rochester,NY ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[James Currey]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mburu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nene]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bandits on the Border: The Last Frontier in the Search for Somali Unity]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Trenton, NJ ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Red Sea Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mealy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State-building in the Horn of Africa. The pan-Somali project and Cold War Politics during 1960]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[History Studies]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>114-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mengisteb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kidane]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The OAU doctrine on Colonial Boun-daries and Conflicts of Separation in the Horn of Africa]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bereketeab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Redie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Self-Determination and Secession in Africa: The Post-Colonial State]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>38-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francesco Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Il Derg, Siad Barre e l&#8217;Ogaden. Due diverse concezioni di dittatura militare e il loro scontro in una guerra per procura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diacronie. Studi di Storia Contemporanea]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukhtar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mohamed Haji]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historical Dictionary of Somalia]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lanham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Scarecrow Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mweti]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Organization of African Unity and Its Role in Regional Conflict Resolution and Dispute Settlement: A Critical Evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boston College Third World Law Journal]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>537-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muyangwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Monde]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Margaret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Vogt.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An Assessment of the OAU Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, and Resolution, 1993-2000]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Peace Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nkaisserry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joseph K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Ogaden War: An Analysis of its Causes and its Impact on Regional Peace on the Horn of Africa]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Carlisle ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[U.S. Army War College]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Organization of African Unity</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protocol of the Commission of Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Legal Materials]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1116-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Carta fundacional de la Organización de la Unidad Africana]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ECM/Res. 3 (II), Second Extra-Ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 12-15 de febrero de 1964]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ECM/Res. 4 (II), Second Extra-Ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 12-15 de febrero de 1964]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Border Disputes among African States&#8221;, AHG/Res. 16 (I), First Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, El Cairo, RAU, 17-21 de julio de 1964]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Border Dispute between Ethiopia and Somalia&#8221;, CM/Res. 16 (II), Second Ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers, Lagos, Nigeria, 24-29 de febrero de 1964]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Dispute between Somalia and Kenya&#8221;, CM/Res. 17 (II), Second Ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers, Lagos, Nigeria, 24-29 de febrero de 1964]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Draft Protocol on Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration&#8221;, CM/Res. 25 (II), Second Ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers, Lagos, Nigeria, 24-29 de febrero de 1964]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Declaration on the Problem of Subversion&#8221;, AHG/Res. 27 (II), Second Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Acra, Ghana, 21-26 de octubre de 1965]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Resolution on Mercenaries&#8221;, AHG/Res. 49 (IV), Fourth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Kinsasha, Congo, 11-14 de septiembre de 1967]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Resolution on Angola&#8221;, CM/Res. 474 (XXVII), Twenty-seventh Ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers, Port-Louis, Mauricio, 24 de junio-3 de julio de 1976]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Resolution on the Interference of the Internal Affairs of African States&#8221;, AHG/ Res. 85 (XIV), Fourteenth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Libreville, Gabon, 2-5 de julio de 1977.]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OUA (Organización de la Unidad Africana)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Resolution on the Somalia/Ethiopia Conflict&#8221;, AHG/Res. 90 (XV), Fifteenth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Jartum, Sudán, 18-22 de julio de 1978.]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Soviet Union in the Horn of Africa. The Diplomacy of Intervention and Disengagement]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Payton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gary D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Somali Coup of 1969: The Case for Soviet Complicity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Modern African Studies]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>493-4508</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poggo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Scopas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The First Sudanese Civil War. Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in hte Southern Sudan, 1955-1972]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Reuters</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Tanzania: Kenya and Somalia sign &#8216;Memorandum of Understanding&#8217; on Border Dispute&#8221;. Arusha, Tanzania, 30 de octubre de 1967. Video. Reuters ID: LVAE7P1HGGSI09MNQ5JYD6FDBFF2. Screenocean.com]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[George]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Uganda-Tanzania War, the Fall of Idi Amin, and the Failure of African Diplomacy, 1978-1979]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Eastern African Studies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>692-709</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gianluigi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The OAU: Result of a Decade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Politics]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>15-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rurumban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[We Won&#8217;t give Inch of N.E.R.-Mungai]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Daily Nation]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<page-range>2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pledge may End Radio War]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Daily Nation]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<numero>968</numero>
<issue>968</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reactionary War to Restore Forces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Ethiopian Herald]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<page-range>2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethiopian Planes destroy Two Somali Border Posts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Somali Attack Reported]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<page-range>2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethiopia Charges Truce is Broken; Says Somali Troops Attack Three Points at Frontier]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<page-range>1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Somali Border Fight Renewed]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<page-range>12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethiopian Force quits Border]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<page-range>17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia de las relaciones exteriores del Marruecos independiente. La Guerra de las Arenas (1963) y la diplomacia occidental]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Sevilla]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Somali Resistance to Colonial Rule and the Development of Somali Political Activity in Kenya 1893-1960]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of African History]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>119-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[290. Circular Airgram from the Department of State to Certain African Posts]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis Howland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968. Vol. XXIV, Africa]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United States Government Printing Office]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[340. Telegram from the Embassy in Somalia to the Department of the State]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis Howland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968. Vol. XXIV, Africa]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United States Government Printing Office]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whittaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hannah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya: A Social History of the Shifta Conflict, c. 1963-1968]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Leiden ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yagy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vatanyar Saidovich]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethiopia and its Neighbors: An Evolution of Relations, 1974-1989]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Northeast African Studies]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2/3</numero>
<issue>2/3</issue>
<page-range>107-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
