<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-6442</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios sociológicos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. sociol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-6442</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C., Centro de Estudios Sociológicos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-64422026000100102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/es.2026v44.2915</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Declive de las pandillas de cholos en el Valle de México (ZMVM)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Decline of cholo gangs in the Valley of Mexico (ZMVM)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ascensio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fátima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Río de Janeiro]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-64422026000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-64422026000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-64422026000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En el artículo se exploran los motivos del declive de las pandillas cholas en la zona metropolitana del Valle de México en los últimos 30 años a partir de una investigación cualitativa con pandilleros y agentes de policía. Ambos grupos confirman una gran disminución del número de pandillas y de sus episodios de violencia. Pandilleros y policías ofrecen explicaciones del fenómeno en buena medida coincidentes, entre ellas la violencia y la muerte de sus integrantes, la presión policial, los cambios estéticos en la juventud y, especialmente, la presencia del crimen organizado. Los miembros de las pandillas parecen haber optado por la inserción en una vida convencional o por la incorporación al crimen organizado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This article explores the reasons for the decline of cholo gangs in the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico over the last 30 years, based on qualitative research with gang members and police officers. Both groups confirm a decrease in the number of gangs and their episodes of violence. Gang members and police officers offer largely overlapping explanations for the phenomenon, including violence and the deaths of their members, police pressure, aesthetic changes in youth, and, especially, the presence of organized crime. Gang members appear to have opted for one of two options: integration into a conventional life or incorporation into organized crime.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pandillas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[evolución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cholos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gangs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[evolution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cholo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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