<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-5691</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Mundo nano. Revista interdisciplinaria en nanociencias y nanotecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mundo nano]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-5691</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-56912025000100003</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2025.34.69828</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Andamios impresos en 3D con poros heterogéneos como estrategia de regeneración ósea in vivo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[3D printed scaffolds with heterogeneous porosity as a bone regeneration strategy in vivo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado Frías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarreal-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichi Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Bello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Janeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>34</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-56912025000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-56912025000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-56912025000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Andamios impresos en 3D con poros heterogéneos, surge como estrategia para la regeneración de tejidos. En este estudio, se evaluó la regeneración ósea en defectos críticos de ratas Wistar, debido a la osteoconducción de andamios de poliácido-láctico (PAL), impresos en 3D con diferentes tamaños de poros; 250-300 µm en la periferia, seguido de 350-400 µm y en el centro 400-740 µm, debido a que los pequeños promueven adhesión celular, mientras que los grandes la angiogénesis. Los andamios se imprimieron en 3D con PLA, un material termoplástico, biocompatible, biorreabsorbible, aprobado por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés), evaluando tamaño de poro y porosidad, in vivo, en defectos de 9 mm de diámetro en calvarias de ratas, calculando el tejido mineralizado por la radiodensidad de las unidades Hounsfield (UH) en imágenes microtomográficas a 8, 30, 60 y 90 días. Los resultados demostraron rango de poros de 200-800 µm (como el diseño), la porosidad fue del 98%, favoreciendo el flujo de nutrientes, oxígeno y eliminación de desechos. Se observó in vivo tejido radiodenso al día 30, evidentemente al 90, concordando con las UH 93.66 y 118.31, respectivamente. Los andamios 3D con poros heterogéneos, demostraron su capacidad osteoconductora en la regeneración ósea, abriendo alternativas en la bioingeniería tisular.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: 3D-printed scaffolds with heterogeneous pores emerge as a strategy for tissue regeneration. In this study, bone regeneration was evaluated in critical defects of Wistar rats due to osteoconduction of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds with different pore sizes: 250-300 µm in the periphery, followed by 350-400 µm and 400-740 µm in the centre. The small ones promote cell adhesion, while the large ones promote angiogenesis. The scaffolds were 3D printed with PLA, a thermoplastic, biocompatible, and bioresorbable material that has been rigorously approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We evaluated the pore size and porosity in vivo in defects of 9 mm in diameter in rat calvaria, calculating the mineralized tissue by the radiodensity of the Hounsfield units (HU) in microtomographic images at 8, 30, 60 and 90 days. The results showed a pore range of 200-800µm (as the design), and the porosity was 98%, which favored the flow of nutrients, oxygen, and waste elimination. Radiodense tissue was observed in vivo on day 30, evidently on day 90, agreeing with the HU 93.66 and 118.31 respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that 3D scaffolds with heterogeneous pores have a significant osteoconductive capacity in bone regeneration. This finding opens new possibilities and alternatives in the field of tissue bioengineering, potentially revolutionizing the way we approach tissue regeneration.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scaffolds]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[3D printing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heterogeneous porosity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bone regeneration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[andamios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impresión 3D]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[porosidad heterogénea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regeneración ósea]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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