<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-5691</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Mundo nano. Revista interdisciplinaria en nanociencias y nanotecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mundo nano]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-5691</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-56912009000200064</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diseño genético de aceros endurecidos por nanoprecipitados]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Díaz del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cambridge Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales y Metalurgia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>64</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-56912009000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-56912009000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-56912009000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los nanomateriales estructurales más exitosos de la historia son las aleaciones metálicas utilizadas para aplicaciones ingenieriles. Las nanoestructuras responsables de sus excepcionales propiedades mecánicas son, por ejemplo, precipitados formados en una solución sólida en aleaciones de aluminio, comúnmente utilizadas en el fuselaje de aviones comerciales; otras nanoestructuras incluyen placas de diversas fases (por ejemplo, austenita y ferrita en aceros nanobainíticos), ahora utilizados en la industria militar; y aleaciones deformadas de manera severa en las que se forman nanocristales. El presente artículo se enfoca en aleaciones endurecidas por nanoprecipitados e, inspirado por las leyes de la genética, se utiliza la expresión matemática de dichas leyes para concebir nuevas aleaciones. El método es utilizado para desarrollar nuevos materiales para trenes de aterrizaje resistentes a la corrosión, y se demuestra que la combinación de propiedades es del mayor nivel hasta ahora encontrado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The most successful structural nano-materials in history are metal alloys used in engineering applications. The nanostructures responsible for their exceptional mechanical properties are for example, precipitates formed in a solid solution in aluminum alloys commonly used in commercial aircraft fuselage; other nanostructures include plates of different phase (e.g. austenite and ferrite in steels nano-bainitics), now used in military industry; and severely deformed alloys in which nanocrystals are formed. This article focuses on alloys hardened by nanoprecipitates and, inspired by the laws of genetics, the mathematical expression of these laws is used to develop new alloys. The method is used to develop new materials for corrosion resistant aircraft landing gear, and it is shown that the combination of properties is of the highest level found so far.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nanopreciptados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nanomateriales estructurales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[algoritmos genéticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diseño de aleaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nanoprecipitates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[structural nanomaterials]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetic algorithms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alloy design]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Endo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terrones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dresselhaus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Applications of carbon nanotubes in the twenty-first century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>362</volume>
<page-range>2223-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design and development of a space elevator]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Astronaut.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>735-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhadeshia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. K. D. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Large chunks of very strong steel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mater. Sci. Tech.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>1293-302</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Time, temperature, and load: the flaws of carbon nanotubes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>6779-80</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pugno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Space elevator: out of order?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nano Today]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>44-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Díaz del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwaag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. van der]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Irreversible thermodynamics modelling of plastic deformation of Metals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Materials Science and Technolgoy]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>495-500</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Díaz del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouaziz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwaag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. van der]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelling the steady state deformation stress under various deformation conditions using a single irreversible thermodynamics based formulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Materialia]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>3431-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Díaz del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwaag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. van der]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelling Strength and Ductility of Ultrafine Grained BCC and FCC Alloys Using Irreversible Thermodynamics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Materials Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>833-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Díaz del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouaziz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwaag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. van der]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelling the strength of ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline fcc metals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>1113-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhadeshia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. K. D. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Very strong bainite]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>251-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhadeshia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. K. D. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nanostructured bainite]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proce. Roy. Soc. A]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silcock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structural ageing characteristics of binary aliminium copper alloys]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Institute of Materials]]></source>
<year>1954</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<page-range>239-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dimitreva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nanoprecipitate-hardened 1.5 GPa steels with unexpected high ductility]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>1141-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Thermo-calc]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Sweeden ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stockholm Technology Park]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[W]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xu]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Díaz del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PEJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwaag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. van der]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Designing nanoprecipitation strengthened UHS stainless steels combining genetic algorithms and thermodynamics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computational Materials Science]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>678-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
