<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-6483</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Endoscopia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Endoscopia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-6483</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-64832025000400139</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/end.25000027</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Guía de nutrición y accesos enterales en endoscopia: recomendaciones de la Asociación Mexicana de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal (AMEG) en conjunto con el Colegio Mexicano de Nutrición Clínica y Terapia Nutricional (CMNCTN). Parte 1]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Guideline on nutrition and enteral access in endoscopy: joint recommendations from Asociación Mexicana de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal (AMEG) in conjunction with the Colegio Mexicano de Nutrición Clínica y Terapia Nutricional (CMNCTN). Part 1]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desales-Iturbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerna-Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jony]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamorano-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yolanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauro E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arróniz-Jáuregui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clara L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xochiquetzal]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mateos-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gualberto de J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamora-Nava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurtado-Díaz-de León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivonne]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escandón-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yoeli M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José de J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Pizarro-Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Santa-María]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cancerología Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Regional No. 1 &#8220;Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sánchez Navarro&#8221; Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Juárez de México Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guadalajara ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital San Ángel Inn Universidad Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital San Ángel Inn Patriotismo Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado Hospital Regional Tipo B de Alta Especialidad Bicentenario de la Independencia Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A11">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Médica Sur Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A12">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Ángeles Lomas Departamento de Nutrición Clínica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A13">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Ángeles Lomas Departamento de Cirugía General ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A14">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio Mexicano de Nutrición Clínica y Terapia Nutricional Colegio Mexicano de Nutrición Clínica y Terapia Nutricional ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>139</fpage>
<lpage>149</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-64832025000400139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-64832025000400139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-64832025000400139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La presente guía representa la primera parte de un documento de consenso nacional elaborado por la AMEG en conjunto con el CMNCTN. Su objetivo es establecer recomendaciones prácticas y basadas en evidencia sobre la valoración nutricional, selección de pacientes, elección de la vía de acceso y colocación endoscópica de sondas enterales. Se empleó la metodología GRADE para evaluar la calidad de la evidencia y la fuerza de cada recomendación. Esta guía está dirigida a médicos gastroenterólogos, endoscopistas, nutriólogos, cirujanos y profesionales de la salud que intervienen en el soporte nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This first part of the national consensus by AMEG and CMNCTN provides practical, evidence-based recommendations on nutritional assessment, patient selection, enteral access choice, and endoscopic techniques for enteral tube placement. The GRADE methodology was used to assess evidence quality and recommendation strength. This guideline is intended for gastroenterologists, endoscopists, nutritionists, surgeons, and other clinicians involved in nutritional support.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nutrición enteral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Endoscopia gastrointestinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Guías de práctica clínica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Soporte nutricional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enteral nutrition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gastrointestinal endoscopy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Clinical practice guidelines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutritional support]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kondrup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasmussen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[hoc ESPEN Working Group Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002):a new method based on analysis of controlled clinical trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>321-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hersberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bargetzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bargetzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tribolet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fehr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baechli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002) is a strong and modifiable predictor for clinical outcomes:secondary analysis of a prospective randomized trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>2720-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cederholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MITD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukushima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higashiguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition-A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition:a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1208-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heighes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simpson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sweetman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early enteral nutrition reduces mortality in critically ill patients:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>(12)</numero>
<issue>(12)</issue>
<page-range>2018-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zanten AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemieux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeejeebhoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enteral versus parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>117</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enteral nutrition versus parenteral nutrition after major abdominal surgery in patients with gastrointestinal cancer:a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Investig Med.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>(5)</numero>
<issue>(5)</issue>
<page-range>1061-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kudsk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parenteral nutrition, enteral stimulation and gut-derived mucosal immunity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Clin Pract.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>521-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valcarcel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillaume]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advantages of enteral nutrition over parenteral nutrition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Therap Adv Gastroenterol.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>157-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heighes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simpson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sweetman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early enteral nutrition reduces mortality in critically ill patients:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>(12)</numero>
<issue>(12)</issue>
<page-range>2018-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yunus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Memon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early versus traditional postoperative feeding in patients undergoing resectional gastrointestinal surgery:a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>473-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gramlich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kichian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodych]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhaliwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heyland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients?A systematic review of the literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrition.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>843-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Safety of endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement compared with radiologic or surgical gastrostomy:nationwide inpatient assessment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>1077-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nugent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enteral feeding methods in head and neck cancer:Cochrane review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>CD007904</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouyang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding in patients with head and neck cancer:a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Radiat Res.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>(3)</numero>
<issue>(3)</issue>
<page-range>559-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andriolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lustosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waisberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2015</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>CD008096</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bischoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Austin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boeykens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chourdakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jonkers-Schuitema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ESPEN guideline on home enteral nutrition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aschl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hébuterne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathus-Vliegen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muscaritoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niv]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ESPEN guidelines on PEG]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>848-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blumenstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shastri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gastroenteric tube feeding:techniques, problems and solutions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Gastroenterol.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>8505-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minambres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bordeje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gastric vs transpyloric feeding in critically ill:multicenter RCT]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>(7)</numero>
<issue>(7)</issue>
<page-range>842-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavagnaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postpyloric feeding tube placement:techniques and complications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Clin Pract.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>273-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deliwala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[DPEJ vs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PEG-J:meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>E488-520</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Locke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forrister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[DPEJ vs. surgical jejunostomy:tertiary care analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>981-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aktas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mensink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PBF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuipers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Buuren]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted DPEJ]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endoscopy.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>210-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McClave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martindale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braunschweig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient:Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>159-211</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heyland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhaliwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gramlich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dodek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Canadian Critical Care Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>355-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wangrattanapranee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kessler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kidambi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabibian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gastrostomy tubes:fundamentals and best practices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Gastrointest Surg.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>286-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiggins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeLegge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute hemorrhage after PEG placement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Dis Sci.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>167-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maple]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harewood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CT abdomen as predictor before DPEJ]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>424-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cosgrove]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machicado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forbes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>ASGE Standards of Practice Committee</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ASGE guideline on gastrostomy feeding tubes:summary and recommendations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc.]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>25-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arvanitakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gkolfakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Despott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballarin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boeykens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ESGE Guideline:Endoscopic management of enteral tubes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endoscopy.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>81-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casarett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Appropriate use of artificial nutrition and hydration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>353</volume>
<numero>(24)</numero>
<issue>(24)</issue>
<page-range>2607-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ESPEN guideline on ethical aspects of artificial nutrition and hydration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1380-400</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Statement on Artificial Nutrition and Hydration Near the End of Life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain Symptom Manage.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>854-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stroud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nightingale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gastrostomy (PEG) feed placement:review of evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Support Palliat Care.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>36-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beauchamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Childress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principles of Biomedical Ethics]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>7th ed</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stacey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LégaréF]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>(4)</volume>
<page-range>CD001431</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Appelbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of patients'competence to consent to treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>357</volume>
<numero>(18)</numero>
<issue>(18)</issue>
<page-range>1834-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mouncher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdoolah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daniels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brookes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy:a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>209-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lusardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy:Cochrane Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>(4)</volume>
<page-range>CD005571</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Micic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[AGA Clinical Practice Update on Endoscopic Enteral Access]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology.]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>168</volume>
<page-range>164-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gkolfakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arvanitakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Despott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballarin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boeykens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ESGE Guideline:Endoscopic management of enteral tubes-Part 2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endoscopy.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>895-908</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Despott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tripoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Konieczko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enteral access by double-balloon enteroscopy:an alternative route for direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy placement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Dis Sci.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>494-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rumalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harewood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DiMagno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>890-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagaraja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eslick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Esophageal stents and neoadjuvant therapy:systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gastrointest Oncol.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>119-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haasler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-expanding metal stents improve swallowing and maintain nutrition in esophageal cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Dis Sci.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1647-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishihara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endoscopic stenting for malignant dysphagia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Oncol.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>5984-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khashab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bukhari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumbhari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EUS-guided gastroenterostomy versus enteral stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction:a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endosc Int Open.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>E496-504</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EUS-guided gastroenterostomy versus laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy for benign and malignant gastric outlet obstruction:a comparative study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endosc Int Open.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>E276-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jovani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ichkhanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponnudurai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Law]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Draganov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EUS-guided gastroenterostomy versus surgical gastrojejunostomy:clinical outcomes and cost analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Gastroenterol.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>896-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto-Solis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda-De]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paz MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorno-Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza-Hinojosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Sainz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for gastric outlet obstruction:experience from a referral center in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Gastroenterol Mex.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>101-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosario-Morel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues-Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moura DTH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction:multicenter experience from Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg Proced.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>(3)</numero>
<issue>(3)</issue>
<page-range>15-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khashab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chithadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruining]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandrasekhara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eloubeidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>ASGE Standards of Practice Committee</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy:ASGE Standards]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arvanitakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gkolfakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Despott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballarin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boeykens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endoscopic management of enteral tubes in adult patients-Part 1:Definitions and indications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ESGE Guideline. Endoscopy.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>81-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guías de práctica clínica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrición enteral:fórmulas, métodos de infusión e interacción fármaco-nutriente. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experience in the management of neoplastic gastric outlet obstruction in patients at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Gastroenterol Mex.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>35-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blaser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhazzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casaer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>48-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
