<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-6483</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Endoscopia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Endoscopia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-6483</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-64832019000600148</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/end.m19000074</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sonda nasogástrica tipo Levin como causa de hemorragia digestiva alta]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Renteria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fany J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda-De Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario R]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Vicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yahaira B]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coppe-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana Díaz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galicia-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waller-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto-Solis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Servicio de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<fpage>148</fpage>
<lpage>152</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-64832019000600148&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-64832019000600148&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-64832019000600148&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La nutrición enteral es superior a la nutrición parenteral en la mayoría de los pacientes hospitalizados y en estado crítico para la preservación de la función intestinal, por su bajo riesgo y menor costo. Existen varios dispositivos que facilitan la nutrición enteral, uno de los más usados en México es la sonda nasogástrica tipo Levin, hecha de plástico, la cual se ha asociado a diferentes efectos adversos tras su colocación.  Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos endoscópicos en pacientes hospitalizados referidos a endoscopia superior por indicación de hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) quienes recibieron nutrición enteral por sonda nasogástrica tipo Levin.  Material y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados, adultos de ambos sexos, quienes tenían colocada sonda nasogástrica tipo Levin, y que fueron referidos a endoscopia superior por indicación de HDA entre junio de 2018 a junio de 2019. Para el análisis se usó estadística descriptiva con medianas y rangos intercuartiles; frecuencias y porcentajes, según corresponda; y para comparar las variables categóricas se usó prueba exacta de Fisher. SPSSv21, p &lt;0.05.  Resultados: Se realizaron 181 endoscopias superiores indicada por HDA en 179 pacientes; de estos, 17 pacientes (9.4%) tenían colocada una sonda nasogástrica Levin: 9/17 fueron hombres; y la mediana de edad fue 62 años (RIC 48-67). El tiempo de permanencia de la sonda fue 5 días (RIC 2-9). Hubo sangrado manifiesto en 15/17 (89%); de los cuales: melena 12/17, posos de café 2/17 y hematemesis 1/17. Siete fueron referidos de terapia intensiva. En todos los pacientes hubo lesiones mucosas asociadas a sangrado. El 23.5% (4/17) presentó desgarro mucoso asociado directamente al efecto mecánico de la sonda (p 0.0003; OR 49.5 IC95% 5.2-476); y el 58.8% (10/17) tuvo esofagitis por probable efecto mecánico (p 0.000; OR 27.5 IC95% 8.3-91.2). Solamente 4/17 (23.5%) tenían anticoagulación con enoxaparina; y 6/17 (35.3%) recibieron transfusión de al menos 1 paquete globular (RIC 1-3). En cuanto al tratamiento endoscópico: 4/17 recibieron argón plasma y/o 3/17 recibieron hemoclips. Ninguno resangró a 30 días de seguimiento.  Conclusiones: La sonda nasogástrica es útil para la alimentación enteral en pacientes hospitalizados; sin embargo, se asocia a importantes efectos adversos como hemorragia gastrointestinal. Se requieren estudios comparativos y de costo-eficacia frente a sondas no plásticas.  Abreviaturas: RIC, rango intercuartil, OR, odds ratio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Enteral nutrition is superior to parenteral nutrition in most hospitalized patients and in critical condition for the preservation of intestinal function, due to its low risk and lower cost. There are several devices that facilitate enteral nutrition, one of the most used in Mexico is the Levin-type nasogastric tube, made of plastic, which has been associated with different adverse effects after placement.  Objective: To describe the endoscopic findings in hospitalized patients referred to upper endoscopy for indication of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) who received enteral nutrition by nasogastric tube Levin type.  Material and methods: We included hospitalized patients, adults of both sexes, who had placed a Levin-type nasogastric tube, and who were referred to upper endoscopy for indication of UGIB between June 2018 and June 2019. For the analysis, descriptive statistics were used, medium and interquartile ranges; frequencies and percentages, as appropriate; and to compare the categorical variables Fisher&#8217;s exact test was used. SPSSv21, p &lt;0.05.  Results: 181 upper endoscopies indicated by UGIB were performed in 179 patients; of these, 17 patients (9.4%) had a Levin nasogastric tube placed: 9/17 were men; and the median age was 62 years (IQR 48-67). The duration of the probe was 5 days (IQR 2-9). There was clear bleeding in 15/17 (89%); of which: melena 12/17, vomit with clots 2/17 and hematemesis 1/17. Seven were referred for intensive care. In all patients there were mucosal lesions associated with bleeding. 23.5% (4/17) had a mucosal tear associated directly with the mechanical effect of the tube (p 0.0003, OR 49.5 CI95% 5.2-476); and 58.8% (10/17) had esophagitis due to probable mechanical effect (p 0.000; OR 27.5 CI95% 8.3-91.2). Only 4/17 (23.5%) had anticoagulation with enoxaparin; and 6/17 (35.3%) received transfusion of at least 1 globular package (IQR 1-3). Regarding the endoscopic treatment: 4/17 received argon plasma and/or 3/17 received hemoclips. None of the patients had a 30-day follow-up.  Conclusions: The nasogastric tube is useful for enteral feeding in hospitalized patients; however, it is associated with important adverse effects such as gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Comparative and cost-effectiveness studies against non-plastic probes are required.  Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range, OR, odds ratio.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sonda nasogástrica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nutrición enteral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hemorragia digestiva alta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nasogastric tube]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enteral nutrition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Upper gastrointestinal bleeding]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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