<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-054X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirugía y cirujanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. cir.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-054X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-054X2026000100009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ciru.23000265</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin in mild COVID-19: randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Eficacia de hidroxicloroquina más azitromicina en la COVID-19 leve: ensayo clínico aleatorizado]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivonne A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Noguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moises]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata-Tarres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez-Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Magaly A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro-Susano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lourdes G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzman-Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lilia M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Agustina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia-Cortes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palma-Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Icela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamora-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Cruz-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Porfirio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez-Catrellón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Unidad de Medicina Familiar 55 Zumpango ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Estado de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,IMSS División de Investigación Clínica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,IMSS Fundación IMSS AC ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,IMSS División de Investigación Clínica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,IMSS Unidad de Medicina Familiar 28 ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,IMSS Unidad de Medicina Familiar 52 ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Estado de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,IMSS Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Cardiología Siglo XXI ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,IMSS Coordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[, Estado de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN Laboratorio de Morfología Celular y molecular ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A11">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ultra Laboratorios, Jalisco Desarrollo e Investigación farmacéutica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guadalajara ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A12">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ultra Laboratorios, Jalisco Investigación Clínica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guadalajara ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A13">
<institution><![CDATA[,Secretaria de Salud Centro de Investigación Translacional en Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>65</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-054X2026000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-054X2026000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-054X2026000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective: This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) + azithromycin (AZT) compared to HCQ alone or placebo in mild COVID-19 to avoid hospitalization.  Method: This is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial that included participants with mild COVID-19. They were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment arms: (1) HCQ + AZT 200 mg/250 mg every 12 h for 5 days followed by HCQ 200 mg every 12 h for 5 days; (2) HCQ 200 mg every 12 h for 10 days; or (3) placebo every 12 h for 10 days.  Results: A total of 92 participants were included. The incidence of hospitalization was 6.7% (2/30) in the HCQ + AZT group compared to the HCQ or placebo groups, in which there were no hospitalizations. Progression of disease was higher in the HCQ group (relative risk [RR] = 3.25 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-8.87]) compared with the placebo group. There was a significant risk of pneumonia in the HCQ group compared with the placebo group (RR = 3.33 [95% CI, 1.01-10.9]). No lengthening of the QT interval prolongation was observed in patients receiving HCQ + AZT or HCQ.  Conclusions: The use of HCQ + AZT does not decrease the risk of hospitalization. The use of HCQ increases the risk of progression and pneumonia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia y la seguridad de hidroxicloroquina (HCQ) más azitromicina (AZT) comparada con HCQ sola y con placebo en pacientes con COVID-19 leve para disminuir el riesgo de hospitalización.  Método: Ensayo clínico controlado, doble ciego, en pacientes con COVID-19 leve asignados aleatoriamente a los siguientes grupos: (1) HCQ + AZT 200 mg/250 mg cada 12 horas por 5 días, seguido por HCQ 200 mg cada 12 horas por 5 días; (2) HCQ 200 mg cada 12 horas por 10 días; o (3) placebo cada 12 horas por 10 días.  Resultados: Se incluyeron 92 participantes. La incidencia de hospitalización fue del 6.7% (2/30) en el grupo de HCQ + AZT, mientras que en los grupos de HCQ y de placebo no hubo hospitalizaciones. La progresión de la enfermedad fue mayor en el grupo de HCQ. El riesgo de neumonía fue mayor en el grupo de HCQ que en el de placebo (RR = 3.33; IC 95%: 1.01-10.9). No se observó alargamiento del segmento QT en los grupos que recibieron HCQ + AZT y HCQ.  Conclusiones: El uso de HCQ + AZT no disminuyó el riesgo de hospitalización; el uso de HCQ incrementó el riesgo de progresión y de neumonía.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hydroxychloroquine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Azithromycin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hospitalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Randomized clinical trial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hidroxicloroquina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Azitromicina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hospitalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ensayo clínico controlado]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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