<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-054X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirugía y cirujanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. cir.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-054X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-054X2024000400426</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ciru.22000643</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[De imágenes médicas a modelos anatómicos impresos en 3D: un enfoque de impresión 3D asequible y de bajo costo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From medical imaging to 3D printed anatomical models: a low-cost, affordable 3D printing approach]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borunda-Escudero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nadia A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borunda-Escudero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernanda S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco-Villaseñor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo-Cardiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guadalajara Jalisco]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Mayo Clinic Departamento de Cardiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rochester Minnesota]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos de América</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chihuahua ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guadalajara Jalisco]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>426</fpage>
<lpage>436</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-054X2024000400426&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-054X2024000400426&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-054X2024000400426&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Compartir nuestra experiencia para crear modelos anatómicos precisos utilizando software con licencia abierta disponibles.  Métodos: Se presenta un método asequible, en donde a partir de un formato DICOM de una tomografía computarizada se logra una segmentación de la región de interés. Posteriormente se procesa la imagen para una mejora de superficie y se realiza la conversión de formato DICOM a STL. Se logra la corrección de errores y se optimiza el modelo para luego ser impreso por medio de estereolitografía con una impresora 3D de escritorio.  Resultados: Se efectuaron mediciones precisas de las dimensiones del archivo DICOM (TC), del archivo STL y del modelo impreso (3D). Para la vértebra C6, las dimensiones del eje horizontal fueron 55.3 mm (TC), 55.337 mm (STL) y 55.3183 mm (3D). Las dimensiones del cuerpo vertebral fueron 14.2 mm (TC), 14.551 mm (STL) y 14.8159 mm (3D). La longitud de la apófisis espinosa fue de 18.2 mm (TC), 18.283 mm (STL) y 18.2266 mm (3D), mientras que su ancho fue de 8.5 mm (TC), 8.3644 mm (STL) y 8.3226 mm (3D). Para la vértebra C7, las dimensiones del eje horizontal fueron 58.6 mm (TC), 58.739 mm (STL) y 58.7144 mm (3D). Las dimensiones del cuerpo vertebral fueron 14 mm (TC), 14.0255 mm (STL) y 14.2312 mm (3D). La longitud de la apófisis espinosa fue de 18.7 mm (TC), 18.79 mm (STL) y 18.6458 mm (3D), y su ancho fue de 8.9 mm (TC), 8.988 mm (STL) y 8.9760 mm (3D).  Conclusión: La impresión de un modelo en 3D de tejido óseo mediante este algoritmo resulta una opción viable, útil y con una alta precisión.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective: To share our experience in creating precise anatomical models using available open-source software.  Methods: An affordable method is presented, where from a DICOM format of a computed tomography, a segmentation of the region of interest is achieved. The image is then processed for surface improvement and the DICOM format is converted to STL. Error correction is achieved and the model is optimized to be printed by stereolithography with a desktop 3D printer.  Results: Precise measurements of the dimensions of the DICOM file (CT), the STL file, and the printed model (3D) were carried out. For the C6 vertebra, the dimensions of the horizontal axis were 55.3 mm (CT), 55.337 mm (STL), and 55.3183 mm (3D). The dimensions of the vertebral body were 14.2 mm (CT), 14.551 mm (STL), and 14.8159 mm (3D). The length of the spinous process was 18.2 mm (CT), 18.283 mm (STL), and 18.2266 mm (3D), while its width was 8.5 mm (CT), 8.3644 mm (STL), and 8.3226 mm (3D). For the C7 vertebra, the dimensions of the horizontal axis were 58.6 mm (CT), 58.739 mm (STL), and 58.7144 mm (3D). The dimensions of the vertebral body were 14 mm (CT), 14.0255 mm (STL), and 14.2312 mm (3D). The length of the spinous process was 18.7 mm (CT), 18.79 mm (STL), and 18.6458 mm (3D), and its width was 8.9 mm (CT), 8.988 mm (STL), and 8.9760 mm (3D).  Conclusion: The printing of a 3D model of bone tissue using this algorithm is a viable, useful option with high precision.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Impresión 3D]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Planificación virtual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Planificación quirúrgica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reconstrucción mandibular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estereolitografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[3D printing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Virtual planning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Surgical planning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mandibular reconstruction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stereolithography]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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