<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-054X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirugía y cirujanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. cir.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-054X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-054X2023000200268</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ciru.22000547</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Importancia del genoma y de la proteína espiga del SARS-CoV-2 en la inmunopatogénesis de la COVID-19 y en la eficacia de las vacunas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Importance of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and spike protein in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and in the efficacy of vaccines]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Amado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montúfar-Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fragoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranda-Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Puga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángel E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Bello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Juárez de México Unidad de Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez Departamento de Biología Molecular ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Quintana Roo]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez Departamento de Endocrinología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>268</fpage>
<lpage>276</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-054X2023000200268&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-054X2023000200268&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-054X2023000200268&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los coronavirus (CoV) causan enfermedades respiratorias y entéricas leves, graves o críticas, pudiendo ocasionar la muerte del paciente. Debido a la alta conectividad entre naciones y a la transmisión, actualmente la COVID-19 representa un verdadero problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. El CoV-2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2) apareció a finales de diciembre de 2019 en Wuhan, China, y en marzo de 2020 la COVID-19 fue declarada pandemia. En esta revisión se describen las características del genoma y de la proteína espiga del SARS-CoV-2, su papel en la inmunopatogénesis de la COVID-19, la tormenta de citocinas, la actividad citotóxica inducida por células T y la producción de anticuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2 mediada por células B, así como la eficacia de algunas vacunas, tomando en cuenta las mutaciones presentes en la proteína espiga.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Coronavirus (CoV) infections cause respiratory and enteric diseases with clinical manifestations ranging from faint to severe, even lead to death of patients. High connectivity between nations and infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represent a global health problem as the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). This CoV-2 that cause SARS, which appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 originated COVID-19 and declared as pandemic a few months posterior its appearance. In this review, the genomic and spike protein characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the role of SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 pathogenesis, cytokine storm, the role of cytotoxic T and B cells against SARS-CoV-2, as well as the vaccines efficacy (taking into account mutations in the spike protein) are described.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ACE2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mutaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Respuesta inmunitaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Vacunas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ACE2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mutations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inmune response]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vaccines]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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