<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-054X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirugía y cirujanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. cir.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-054X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-054X2020000100041</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ciru.19000928</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Biomechanical behavior of bone tissue in spine instrumentation]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Comportamiento biomecánico de tejido óseo en fijaciones de columna]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alpízar-Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Carbonell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raide A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobo-Armendáriz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Cervantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osvaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lázaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Departamento de Cirugía de Columna ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Camagüey "Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz" Facultad de Electromecánica Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Camagüey ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ingeniería Departamento de Ingeniería de Diseño y Manufactura]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-054X2020000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-054X2020000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-054X2020000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: The mechanical fixation of the spine in patients with osteoporotic vertebral degeneration is a challenge for surgeons, the vertebrae selected to insert the screws may fail, endangering health and even patient's life.  Objective: The objective of the study was to study the effect of the variation of the bone density in the bone-screw interface from a three-dimensional model of the lumbar section.  Materials and methods: The finite element method was used to model the behavior of the lumbar vertebral section when applying compression loads.  Results: The stresses between 2 and 3 MPa were located on the contact surface with the screw, both in the vertebral body and in the apophysis, being slightly higher in the vertebral body.  Conclusions: Regardless of bone density, the contact zones between the screws are susceptible to bone tissue failure. The posterior half of the vertebral body was the most sensitive to high values of stress, while in the areas furthest from the axis of the screw stress tended to their minimum.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La fijación mecánica de la columna en pacientes con degeneración vertebral osteoporótica es un reto para los cirujanos, pues las vértebras seleccionadas para insertar los tornillos pueden fallar, poniendo en peligro la salud y la vida del paciente.  Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto de la variación de la densidad ósea en la interfase hueso-tornillo, a partir de un modelo tridimensional de la sección lumbar.  Materiales y métodos: Se emplea el método de los elementos finitos para modelar el comportamiento de la sección vertebral lumbar al aplicar cargas de compresión.  Resultados: Los esfuerzos entre 2 y 3 MPa se ubicaron en la superficie de contacto con el tornillo, tanto en el cuerpo vertebral como en la apófisis, siendo ligeramente superiores en el cuerpo vertebral.  Conclusiones: Independientemente de la densidad ósea, las zonas de contacto entre el tornillo son susceptibles al fallo del tejido óseo, debido a que están próximos al esfuerzo de fallo óseo de 2.37 ± 1.14 MPa reportado en la literatura. La mitad posterior del cuerpo vertebral fue la más sensible a sufrir valores altos de esfuerzos, mientras que en las zonas más alejadas del eje del tornillo los esfuerzos tendieron a su magnitud mínima.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Osteoporosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pedicular fixation with screws]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biomechanics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Osteoporosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fijación pedicular con tornillos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Esfuerzos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biomecánica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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