<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-054X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirugía y cirujanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. cir.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-054X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-054X2019000300358</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ciru.18000081</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hipertensión intracraneal traumática refractaria: el papel de la craniectomía descompresiva]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Refractory traumatic intracranial hypertension: the role of decompressive craniectomy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moscote-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvis-Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernando R.l]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yancarlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintana-Pajaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Loraine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubiano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcalá-Cerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narváez-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexis R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cartagena Departamento de Neurocirugía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cartagena Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación MEDITECH Cuidados Neurocríticos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cartagena Departamento de Neurocirugía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesús Rivera Departamento de Neurocirugía Pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Mascota Managua]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua Facultad de Ciencias Médicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Managua ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>358</fpage>
<lpage>364</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-054X2019000300358&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-054X2019000300358&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-054X2019000300358&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El trauma craneoencefálico, según la Organización Mundial de la salud, se estima que para el año 2020 será la tercera causa de morbimortalidad en el mundo. La hipertensión intracraneal refractaria al manejo médico es la causante de la mayor mortalidad en esta población de pacientes. Existen diversas medidas para el control de la hipertensión intracraneal, entre ellas las quirúrgicas. La craniectomía descompresiva ha sido utilizada sistemáticamente para tratar la hipertensión intracraneal secundaria al infarto cerebral, la hemorragia subaracnoidea, la hemorragia intracerebral y el trauma. Se hace una revisión de la literatura para describir los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la lesión cerebral traumática, así como también los tipos y las indicaciones de este procedimiento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury according to the World Health Organization estimates that by 2020 will be the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Intracranial hypertension refractory to medical management is the cause of increased mortality in neurotrauma. There are various measures to control intracranial hypertension, including surgical. Decompressive craniectomy has been routinely used to treat intracranial hypertension secondary to cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage and trauma. We review the literature to describe the mechanisms, types and indications for this procedure.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Craniectomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Craniectomía descompresiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hipertensión intracraneal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neurotrauma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Craniectomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Decompressive craniectomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intracranial hypertension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neurotrauma]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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