<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2395-8448</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Política, globalidad y ciudadanía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Polít. globalidad. ciudad.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2395-8448</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2395-84482025000200008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29105/rpgyc11.22-361</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores explicativos del voto costarricense en el exterior en elecciones presidenciales (2014-2022)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Explanatory Factors of Costa Rican Voting Abroad in Presidential Elections (2014-2022)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Nájera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduard Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Instituto de Estudios Sociales en Població ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2395-84482025000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2395-84482025000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2395-84482025000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los factores que influyen en la participación electoral de la población costarricense residente en el extranjero durante las elecciones nacionales de 2014, 2018 y 2022. A pesar de que el voto en el exterior fue habilitado desde 2014, existe un vacío en los estudios académicos que analicen de forma sistemática y comparada los elementos explicativos de este comportamiento a escala nacional. Para ello, se aplicó un modelo de regresión lineal sobre datos agregados por país de residencia y año electoral (n=211 observaciones), utilizando como variable dependiente la tasa de participación electoral reportada por el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. Las variables independientes incluyeron indicadores estructurales del país receptor (PIB per cápita e Índice de Gini), factores institucionales y actitudinales vinculados al país de origen (valoración de un gobierno representativo), características del proceso electoral (primera o segunda ronda) y controles temporales. Los resultados revelan que la participación electoral disminuye en contextos de mayor desigualdad económica, en países con mayor equidad en derechos sociales y conforme transcurren los comicios (2018 y 2022). Por el contrario, aumenta cuando se reside en países con mejores condiciones económicas, cuando se expresa una valoración positiva hacia un gobierno representativo y cuando se trata de la primera ronda electoral. La investigación concluye que la participación electoral transnacional está condicionada por una combinación de factores estructurales y coyunturales, lo que resalta la complejidad del fenómeno y la necesidad de profundizar en su estudio dentro del campo del comportamiento electoral.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to identify the factors that influence electoral participation among Costa Rican citizens residing abroad during the national elections of 2014, 2018, and 2022. Although external voting has been permitted since 2014, academic research that systematically and comparatively analyzes the explanatory elements of this behavior at the national level remains scarce. To address this gap, a linear regression model was applied using aggregated data by country of residence and election year (n = 211 observations), with the electoral participation rate reported by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal as the dependent variable. Independent variables included structural indicators of the host country (GDP per capita and Gini Index), institutional and attitudinal factors related to the country of origin (perception of representative government), characteristics of the electoral process (first or second round), and temporal controls. The results reveal that electoral participation decreases in contexts of higher economic inequality, in countries with greater equity in social rights, and over successive elections (2018 and 2022). In contrast, participation increases in countries with stronger economic conditions, when a positive perception of representative government is expressed, and during the first round of elections. The study concludes that transnational electoral participation is shaped by a combination of structural and contextual factors, underscoring the complexity of the phenomenon and the need for further research within the field of electoral behavior.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Abstencionismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Participación Electoral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Regresión Lineal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Voto en el Exterior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Abstentionism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Electoral Participation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[External Voting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Linear Regression]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Macroeconomic Conditions, Voter Turnout, and the Working-class/Economically Disadvantaged Party Vote in Developing Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Political Studies]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>995-1017</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preciado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdez Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El voto de los mexicanos en el extranjero. Un análisis de los resultados de 2006, a la luz de las teorías sobre el comportamiento político]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latina de comunicación social]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>62</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wellman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extending Voting Rights to Emigrants: A Global Analysis of Actors, Processes and Outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diaspora Studies]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado Quesada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El funcionamiento del voto costarricense en el extranjero]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<edition>Primera edición</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IFED-TSE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Texocotitla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La migración y el sufragio transnacional: El caso de México]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Densidad de población]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Índice de Gini]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[PIB]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Battiston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luconi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valbruzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[To vote or not to vote in the homeland elections? Insights into voting abstention in Italy&#8217;s constituency abroad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Modern Italy]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belchior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contextual reasons for emigrants&#8217; electoral participation in home country elections: The Portuguese case]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Contemporary European Studies]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>197-214</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bischof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Velden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Use and Usefulness of p-Values in Political Science: Introduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Swiss Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>276-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Authoritarian States and Voting From Abroad: North African Experiences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Politics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tyburski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[When parties go abroad: Explaining patterns of extraterritorial voting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electoral Studies]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>102169</numero>
<issue>102169</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comportamiento electoral-espacial entre primera y segunda ronda]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[PEN]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciornei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Østergaard-Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transnational turnout. Determinants of emigrant voting in home country elections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Geography]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>102145</numero>
<issue>102145</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A geography of extra-territorial citizenship: Explanations of external voting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Migration Studies]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>55-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Orbe Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Participación política electoral transnacional]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordero Cordero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las preferencias del electorado en la segunda ronda presidencial de 2018 en Costa Rica. Un modelo de socialización política]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y Gobierno]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emmerich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peraza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sufragio transnacional. Experiencias latinoamericanas de voto desde el exterior y voto de los extranjeros]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La transnacionalización. Enfoques teóricos y empíricos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UAM-Miguel Ángel Porrua]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Living abroad, voting as if at home? Electoral motivations of expatriates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Migration Studies]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>279-310</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grotz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nohlen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[External Voting: Legal Framework and Overview of Electoral Legis-lation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín mexicano de derecho comparado]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>33</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Sampieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Collado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baptista Lucio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología de la investigación]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<edition>Sexta edición</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huijsmans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rijken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaidyte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Income Gap in Voting: Moderating Effects of Income Inequality and Clientelism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Behavior]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1203-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>IDEA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The Global State of Democracy Initiative]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of Home and Host Country Factors on Immigrants&#8217; Political Engagement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International and Area Studies]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>73-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lafleur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The political choices of emigrants voting in home country elections: A socio-political analysis of the electoral behaviour of Bolivian external voters]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Migration Studies]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>155-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lappin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[THE RIGHT TO VOTE FOR NON-RESIDENT CITIZENS IN EUROPE]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International &amp; Comparative Law Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Statistics: P values are just the tip of the iceberg]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>520</volume>
<numero>7549</numero>
<issue>7549</issue>
<page-range>612</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belchior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Portuguese Emigrants&#8217; Political Representation: The Challenges of the External Vote]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>73-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The voting rights of Japanese citizens living abroad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Constitutional Law]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>332-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller-Török]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pautsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prosser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Legal Aspects of Cross-Border Delivery of Voting Documents: A Neglected Issue?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the 2015 2nd International Conference on Electronic Governance and Open Society: Challenges in Eurasia]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>123-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ognibene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paulis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hybrid Voters: How the Politics in the Home and the New Country Influences External Voters]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Representation]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>465-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poblete-Cazenave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toppeta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Voting from Abroad: Assessing the Impact of Local Turnout on Migrants&#8217; Voting behavior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SSRN Electronic Journal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rights]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sterba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantifying explained variance in multilevel models: An integrative framework for defining R-squared measures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychological Methods]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>309-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgado Retana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El voto costarricense en el extranjero y la participación del cuerpo consular]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Derecho Electoral]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>26</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Do prediction equations with high R-squared in low sample size studies have high predictive ability?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Animal Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sevi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mekik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Çak&#305;r]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How do Turks abroad vote?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Turkish Studies]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>208-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stockemer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What Affects Voter Turnout? A Review Article/Meta-Analysis of Aggregate Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government and Opposition,]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>698-722</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stuhldreher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sufragio transnacional en Uruguay: Contexto histórico-legal, dimensiones e impacto político-instituciona]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>133-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estadística de procesos electorales]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estadística de procesos electorales]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estadística de procesos electorales]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reglamento para el Ejercicio del Voto en el Extranjero, Decreto N.° 4-2013 y sus reformas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Gaceta]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troeger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[To P or not to P? The Usefulness of P&#8208;values in Quantitative Political Science Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Swiss Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>281-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turcu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urbatsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aversion to far-left parties among Europeans voting abroad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative European Politics]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>117-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela-Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenblatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los desafíos del voto de chilenos en el exterior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios sobre reformas políticas. Gobierno de Chile 2014-2018]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
