<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2306-4102</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta ortopédica mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta ortop. mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2306-4102</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2306-41022023000200085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/112987</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[No-consolidación diafisaria de húmero en pacientes adultos con osteoporosis. Tratamiento quirúrgico y resultados a largo plazo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diaphyseal osteoporotic nonunion of the humerus in elderly patients. Surgical treatment and long-term results]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Allende Departamento del Miembro Superior y Cirugía Reconstructiva Sanatorio Allende]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Córdoba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Allende Sanatorio Allende ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Córdoba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2306-41022023000200085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2306-41022023000200085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2306-41022023000200085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  evaluar los resultados radiográficos y funcionales obtenidos a largo plazo en pacientes adultos que presentaron no-consolidaciones atróficas diafisarias de húmero asociadas a osteoporosis; tratadas quirúrgicamente mediante reducción abierta y fijación interna con placas e injerto óseo.  Material y métodos:  evaluamos retrospectivamente 22 pacientes, con edad promedio de 72 años, el tiempo desde el trauma inicial hasta la cirugía definitiva promedió, 18 meses. Once pacientes eran fumadores y cuatro presentaban infección activa. El score de Constant y el DASH preoperatorios promediaron 23.13 y 81.04, respectivamente. El valor de la escala analógica del dolor preoperatorio promedió 7.45 puntos.  Resultados:  el seguimiento promedió 69 meses. Se obtuvo la consolidación en todos los casos, luego de un promedio de 4.68 meses. Al último seguimiento, los valores del DASH promediaron 20.27 puntos y el score de Constant promedió 79.31 puntos. La escala analógica del dolor promedió 0.77 puntos. La estabilización se realizó utilizando clavos placa bloqueados en 12 no-consolidaciones, placas bloqueadas de compresión en seis y doble placa en cuatro. Los pacientes con infección activa fueron tratados en dos etapas utilizando la técnica descripta por Masquelet. Se asoció injerto óseo en todas las reconstrucciones (autoinjerto esponjoso de cresta ilíaca en 17, aloinjerto en tres y se combinó aloinjerto estructural con autoinjerto esponjoso en dos). Dos gramos de vancomicina en polvo fueron asociados localmente al injerto óseo.  Conclusión:  la combinación de reducción abierta y fijación interna con placas e injerto óseo permitió obtener la consolidación y resultados funcionales objetivos y subjetivos buenos y predecibles a largo plazo en todos los casos, sin complicaciones mayores ni la necesidad de intervenciones quirúrgicas sucesivas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  to evaluate the long term radiographic and functional results achieved in adult patients with osteoporotic, atrophic, non-unions of the diaphyseal humerus, treated surgically by open reduction and internal fixation with plates and bone graft.  Material and methods:  we retrospectively evaluated 22 patients. Patient&#8217;s age averaged 72 years. Time from initial trauma to definitive surgery averaged 18 months. Eleven patients were smokers, and four had active infection. Pre-operative Constant score and DASH score averaged 23.13 and 81.04, respectively. Pre-operative pain scale averaged 7.45 points.  Results:  follow-up averaged 69 months. Union was achieved in all cases after an average of 4.68 months. DASH score at last follow-up averaged 20.27 points and Constant score 79.31 points. Analog pain scale averaged 0.77 points. Stabilization was performed using locking blade plates in 12 non-unions, locking compression plates in six cases, and double plating in four non-unions. Patients with active infection were treated in two stages using Masquelet&#8217;s technique. Bone graft was associated in all cases (cancellous iliac crest autograft in 17, allograft in three, and combined structural allograft and cancellous autograft in two). Two grams of vancomycin powder were associated to the bone graft in all cases.  Conclusion:  the use of open reduction and internal fixation with plates associated to bone graft with local antibiotics, aloud achieving bony union and good predictable long-term objective and subjective functional results in all cases, without major complications or the need of further surgical intervention.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[no-consolidación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[húmero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diafisarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[osteoporosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[non-union]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[humerus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diaphyseal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[osteoporosis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jupiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Deck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ununited humeral diaphyses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Shoulder Elbow Surg]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>644-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rupp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biehl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Budak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thormann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diaphyseal long bone nonunions &#8212; types, aetiology, economics, and treatment recommendations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Orthop]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>247-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Launonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saranko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flinkkila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laitinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Osteoporos]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>209</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miclau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fracture healing in osteoporotic bone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>^s2</numero>
<issue>^s2</issue>
<supplement>2</supplement>
<page-range>S21-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nandra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fracture non-union epidemiology and treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trauma]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Claessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doornberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diercks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van den Bekerom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Union rate after operative treatment of humeral shaft nonunion--A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2314-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of a new locking 90 degree blade plate in the treatment of atrophic proximal humerus nonunions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Orthop]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1649-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tornetta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharmaa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sems]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is the real rate of radial nerve injury after humeral nonunion surgery?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>441-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jupiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The functional outcome of operative treatment of ununited fractures of the humeral diaphysis in older patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Am]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>177-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kloen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kadzielski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helfet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jupiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Locking compression plates for osteoporotic nonunions of the diaphyseal humerus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>425</volume>
<numero>425</numero>
<issue>425</issue>
<page-range>50-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pseudarthrosis: pathophysiology, biomechanics, therapy, results]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London, England ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grune &amp; Stratton]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaestle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benninger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fornaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zdravkovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deltoid tuberosity index: A simple radiographic tool to assess local bone quality in proximal humerus fractures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>473</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>3038-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelissier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masquelet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bareille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelissier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amedee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Induced membranes secrete growth factors including vascular and osteoinductive factors and could stimulate bone regeneration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Res]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso-Llames]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bilaterotricipital approach to the elbow. Its application in the osteosynthesis of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Orthop Scand]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>479-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonkoungou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sawadogo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of nonunion in neglected long bone shaft fractures by osteoperiosteal decortication]]></article-title>
<collab>Bone and Joint Trauma Study Group (GETRAUM)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Orthop Traumatol Surg Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>^s6</numero>
<issue>^s6</issue>
<supplement>6</supplement>
<page-range>S299-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMillan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnstone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technical considerations to avoid delayed and non-union]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>S64-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calabro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Humeral shaft non-union in the elderly: Results with cortical graft plus stem cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Injury]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>^s2</numero>
<issue>^s2</issue>
<supplement>2</supplement>
<page-range>S75-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Findeisen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biglari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Studier-Fischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grützner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of nonunions in fractures of the humeral shaft according to the Diamond Concept]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bone Joint J]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open exchange locked nailing in humeral nonunions after intramedullary nailing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>411</volume>
<numero>411</numero>
<issue>411</issue>
<page-range>260-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riemer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blasier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redmond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sims]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of humeral nonunion after the failure of locking intramedullary nails]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>492-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flinkkila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ristiniemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamalainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nonunion after intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Trauma]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>540-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jupiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surgical management of diaphyseal humeral nonunion after intramedullary nailing: Wave-plate fixation and autologous bone grafting without nail removal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Shoulder Elbow Surg]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>309-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altube]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boccolini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revision with plates of humeral nonunions secondary to failed intramedullary nailing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Orthop]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>899-903</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joyner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brownlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simpson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human atrophic fracture non-unions are not avascular]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Res]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>593-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pieruschka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Histing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temporal and spatial vascularization patterns of unions and nonunions: role of vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic proteins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Am]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidyadhara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vamsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gnanadoss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of intramedullary fibular strut graft: a novel adjunct to plating in the treatment of osteoporotic humeral shaft nonunion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Orthop]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1009-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Regazzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rothfischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unexpected high complication rate following internal fixation of unstable proximal humerus fractures with an angled blade plate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>253-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent biological trends in management of fracture non-union]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Orthop]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>623-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juarez Cesca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastrana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaidenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pedicled vascularized bone graft of the distal radius for recalcitrant nonunion of the distal humerus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>e394-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obremskey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rickert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schemitsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nauth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Augmentation of fracture repair: is anything ready for prime time?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Instr Course Lect]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<page-range>329-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Houwelingen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of osteopenic humeral shaft nonunion with compression plating, humeral cortical allograft struts, and bone grafting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>36-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marinelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antonioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bettelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaccarelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rotini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Humeral shaft aseptic nonunion: treatment with opposite cortical allograft struts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chir Organi Mov]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>S21-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campochiaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baudi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gialdini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corradini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rebuzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Humeral shaft non-union after intramedullary nailing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Musculoskelet Surg]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>189-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Willis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaines]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mighell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of atrophic diaphyseal humeral nonunions with compressive locked plating and augmented with an intramedullary strut allograft]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>77-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of a free fibular strut as a &#8220;Biological Intramedullary Nail&#8221; for the treatment of complex nonunion of long bones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JB JS Open Access]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Struijs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poolman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhandari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infected nonunion of the long bones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>507-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masquelet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanakaris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stafford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giannoudis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bone repair using the Masquelet technique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Am]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1024-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolaou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McBride-Gagyi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Masquelet&#8217;s induced membrane technique: Review of current concepts and future directions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Res]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>707-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagliardelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Gallardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Valor de la utilización de espaciadores de cemento y aloinjerto con antibiótico para reconstruir defectos óseos infectados: estudio experimental en conejos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Asoc Argent Ortop Traumatol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>133-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grubhofer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Werner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simmen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osterhoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current concepts in locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Surg Res]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>137</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangupli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagliardelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infected nonunions of long bones of the upper extremity: staged reconstruction using polymethylmethacrylate and bone graft impregnated with antibiotics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chir Organi Mov]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>137-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smolle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leitner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seibert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glehr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leithner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fracture, nonunion and postoperative infection risk in the smoking orthopaedic patient: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EFORT Open Rev]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1006-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Einhorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ostrum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prayson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology of fracture nonunion in 18 human bones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Surg]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
