<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2306-4102</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta ortopédica mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta ortop. mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2306-4102</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2306-41022017000600312</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A new technique of pedicle screw placement with the use of sequential multilevel navigation templates based on patient-specific 3D CT reconstruction model: applicability in spine deformity]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Una nueva técnica de colocación de tornillos pediculares con el uso de plantillas de navegación multinivel secuenciales basadas en el modelo de reconstrucción de CT 3D específico del paciente: aplicabilidad en la deformidad de la columna vertebral]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alpizar-Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Aldana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosales-Olivares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zárate-Kalfópulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Crespo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Institute of Rehabilitation  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Institute of Rehabilitation  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>312</fpage>
<lpage>318</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2306-41022017000600312&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2306-41022017000600312&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2306-41022017000600312&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  The technique of placement of pedicle screws has gradually improved, but even misplacement observed in 1.2 to 20% of cases, have appeared techniques fluoroscopic, tomographic and electromagnetic navigation, which led it to 1.3 to 4.3%, but nevertheless they are expensive and complex technologies. Present technique pedicle screw placement by using templates with a modification in the art, performing tomography and reconstruction in the same surgical position and with the templates of 3 or more levels.  Methods:  Five cases of idiopathic scoliosis were performed, with correction and instrumentation with pedicular screws, where a three-dimensional model of the spine was performed with a tomography in a surgical position, whose images were exported to a 3D printer to reconstruct the desired trajectory of the screws in a template using cylinders resting on the inverse surface of the vertebrae. The direction of the screw was planned in the center of the pedicle and parallel to the upper platform of the vertebra. Each template was of several levels and transoperative X-rays were not used.  Results:  Under electrophysiologic monitoring transoperative «red alerts» were not reported, the placement of the screws in postoperative CT scan was evaluated, showing a standard deviation in placement of 1.9 and 2.2 mm on the right and left respectively pedicles, with respect to their planning.  Discussion:  This technique is simple and safe, besides not requiring great technology, its use is suggested in beginner spine surgeons and in severe deformities, it can be performed in any hospital where spinal surgery is performed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  La técnica de colocación de tornillos transpediculares ha mejorado paulatinamente, a pesar de ello, la mala colocación oscila entre 1.2 al 20% de los casos; han surgido técnicas de navegación asistidas por flouroscopía, tomografía y resonancia magnética mejorando el índice de falla al 1.3-4.3%. La presente técnica de colocación utiliza plantillas con la modificación de que la tomografía y la reconstrucción son realizadas con el paciente en la posición quirúrgica, además que las plantillas abarcan tres o más niveles.  Métodos:  Se presentan cinco casos de escoliosis idiopática tratados con instrumentación y colocación de tornillos transpediculares donde se generó un modelo tridimensional de la columna en posición quirúrgica; las imágenes fueron exportadas a una impresora 3-D para reconstruir la trayectoria apropiada de los tornillos, la dirección de éstos fue planeada tomando de referencia el centro del pedículo y paralela a la plataforma superior de la vértebra. Cada plantilla consta de diferentes niveles y no se requirió del uso de rayos X trans­operatorios.  Resultados:  Bajo monitoreo electrofisiológico transquirúrgico no se reportó ninguna «alerta roja»; la evaluación postoperatoria por tomografía de la colocación de los tornillos mostró una desviación estándar de 1.9 y 2.2 mm tanto a la derecha y a la izquierda, respectivamente, de acuerdo con lo planeado.  Discusión:  La técnica es simple y segura, no requiere de mucho despliegue tecnológico, se sugiere su uso para los cirujanos de columna con poca experiencia y para deformidades severas; consideramos que puede desarrollarse en cualquier hospital donde se realice cirugía de columna.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Scoliosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[screw placement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tomography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[instrumentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[navigation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escoliosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colocación de tornillo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tomografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[instrumentación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[navegación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A method of spinal fusion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Br]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>248-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy-Camille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saillant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plating of thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar injuries with pedicle screw plates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Orthop Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>147-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magerl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stabilization of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine with external skeletal fixation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<numero>189</numero>
<issue>189</issue>
<page-range>125-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotrel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubousset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new technic for segmental spinal osteosynthesis using the posterior approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>489-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kluger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magerl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woersdörfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zäch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new device for internal fixation of thoracolumbar and lumbar spine fractures: the "fixateur interne"]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paraplegia]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>225-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steffee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biscup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sitkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Segmental spine plates with pedicle screw fixation A new internal fixation device for disorders of the lumbar and thoracolumbar spine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<numero>203</numero>
<issue>203</issue>
<page-range>45-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Segmental spinal instrumentation of the lumbar spine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<numero>203</numero>
<issue>203</issue>
<page-range>126-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaccaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizzolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allardyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balderston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine Part I: Morphometric analysis of the thoracic vertebrae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Am]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1193-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A novel patient-specific navigational template for cervical pedicle screw placement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>E959-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hosogane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Updates on surgical treatments for pediatric scoliosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orthop Sci]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>6-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thoracic pedicle screw fixation in spinal deformities are they really safe?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>2049-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaccaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizzolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balderston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allardyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garfin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolinskas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine Part II: An anatomical and radiographic assessment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Am]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1200-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smorgick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millgram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anekstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Floman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accuracy and safety of thoracic pedicle screw placement in spinal deformities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Spinal Disord Tech]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>522-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajasekaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidyadhara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shetty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Randomized clinical study to compare the accuracy of navigated and non-navigated thoracic pedicle screws in deformity correction surgeries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>E56-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hicks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complications of pedicle screw fixation in scoliosis surgery a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>E465-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malhotra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez-Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez-Orribo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crawford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instrumentation of the posterior thoracolumbar spine from wires to pedicle screws]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurosurgery]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>^s4</numero>
<issue>^s4</issue>
<supplement>4</supplement>
<page-range>497-504</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamorano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langlotz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berlemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Image-guided insertion of transpedicular screws A laboratory set-up]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>497-500</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bridwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine is it safe?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>333-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiggins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuntz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[York]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellabarba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knonodi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accuracy of thoracic vertebral body screw placement using standard fluoroscopy, fluoroscopic image guidance, and computed tomographic image guidance a cadaver study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>402-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upendra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chowdhury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayaswal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outcome-based classification for assessment of thoracic pedicular screw placement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>384-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuklo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ondra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rationale behind the current state-of-the-art treatment of scoliosis (in the pedicle screw era)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1051-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harimaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hensley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A novel pedicle channel classification describing osseous anatomy how many thoracic scoliotic pedicles have cancellous channels?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>1836-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radermacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portheine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zimolong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaspers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery with image based individual templates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<numero>354</numero>
<issue>354</issue>
<page-range>28-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goffin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Brussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vander Sloten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Audekercke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three-dimensional computed tomography-based, personalized drill guide for posterior cervical stabilization at C1-C2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1343-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rapid prototype patient-specific drill template for cervical pedicle screw placement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comput Aided Surg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>303-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
