<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-9176</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Iztapalapa. Revista de ciencias sociales y humanidades]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Iztapalapa. Rev. cienc. soc. humanid.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-9176</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, a través de la Unidad Iztapalapa, División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-91762021000100011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28928/ri/902021/atc1/alvaradoa/padillaonates</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Organización policial y debilidad institucional: balance de las capacidades de las policías estatales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Police Organization and Institutional Weakness. An Assessment of State Police Capacities]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padilla Oñate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>90</numero>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>47</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-91762021000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-91762021000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-91762021000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo examina las reformas efectuadas para mejorar las capacidades de las policías de las entidades federativas de México durante más de una década. Aunque varios estudios han analizado la capacidad del Estado nacional en materia de seguridad pública, conocemos poco el papel que han tenido los gobiernos estatales en la construcción de dicha política. Contribuimos al tema comparando la seguridad pública de los 32 estados proponiendo un índice de capacidades por medio de la técnica de factores principales, que integra siete variables que dan cuenta de cuatro procesos de construcción institucional: la cimentación de una policía profesional; la coordinación efectiva de los gobiernos estatales con el federal, el ejercicio del gasto en seguridad y la relación con los ciudadanos. Los resultados muestran un panorama muy diverso: existen gobiernos con capacidades limitadas y vulnerables, pero hay otros que han fortalecido sus policías y mejorado la percepción de la ciudadanía.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The article analyses the set of reforms implemented to improve capacities in state police organizations in Mexico on more than a decade. Several studies have examined national security capacity, but little is known related to the role of state governments in the development of an effective public security system. This work contributes to the knowledge with a comparative assessment of state capacities. We build an index and apply a Principal Factor Analysis, with seven variables that account for four processes: Federal-state government relations, expenditure in security, the establishment of professional state police corps and an improvement on citizens&#8217; approval. Results shows strong disparities among states to protect their citizens. Some are still weak and vulnerable while others have made improvements, strengthen their police organizations and enhance responses to citizens.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fortaleza institucional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[capacidad policial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobernanza de la seguridad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad pública]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[State Police]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Capacity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Police Organization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Governors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Governance in Security]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aberbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tom]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why Reforms So Often Disappoint]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Review of Public Administration]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguayo, Quezada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dayán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jacobo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El yugo Zeta: norte de Coahuila 2010-2011]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado, Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reformas policiales y la construcción de un Estado de derecho. El caso de la policía vecinal de Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Desacatos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>34-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio sobre seguridad pública en cuatro entidades mexicanas, Reporte para el Banco Mundial]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado, Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El tamaño del infierno. Un estudio sobre la criminalidad en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroyo, Juárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio sobre seguridad pública en cuatro entidades mexicanas. El caso de Michoacán, Reporte para el Banco Mundial]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arzt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sigrid]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio sobre seguridad pública en cuatro entidades mexicanas. El caso de Chihuahua, Reporte para el Banco Mundial]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Auditoría Superior de la Federación</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe individual del Resultado de la Fiscalización Superior de la Cuenta Pública 2018]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Politics of Crime in Mexico: Democratic Governance in a Security Trap]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FirstForumPress]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez Manaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguayo Quezada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atlas de la Seguridad y la Defensa de México]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Belisario Domínguez]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aggregation bias and the capacity for formal crime control: The determinants of total and disaggregated police force size in Milwaukee, 1934-1987]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Justice Quarterly]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>543-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Causa en Común</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación de la dinámica del gasto público en seguridad en México: el caso del FASP durante el periodo 2013-2018]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Causa en Común</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte de resultados del Índice de Desarrollo Policial (Indepol)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langworthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The police, crime, and economic theory: A replication and extension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Criminal Justice]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>165-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christensen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lægreid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Per]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rykkja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lise]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reforming the Norwegian police between structure and culture: Community police or emergency police]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Policy and Administration]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[March]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Administrative Science Quarterly]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[LOS ZETAS INC.: Criminal Corporations, Energy, and Civil War in Mexico]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Austin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Texas Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Politics, Economics, and Welfare: Planning and Politico-Economic Systems Resolved into Social Processes]]></source>
<year>1953</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nuev York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper and Brothers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diane E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Undermining the rule of law: Democratization and the dark side of police reform in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Politics and Society]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>55-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diane]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urban Violence and the Spatial Question: The Built Environmental. Correlates of (In) Security in Latin American Cities]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xóchitl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Diario Oficial de la Federación</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ley General del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Pública]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cámara de Diputados del H. Congreso de la Unión ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Illicit Drugs and Organized Crime in Latin America: New Scholarship and the Future of Alternative Policies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xóchitl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Genaro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Por qué 1 661 corporaciones de policía no bastan?]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Kan Sasana Printer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yanilda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Social origins of Institutional Weakness and Change: of Preferences, Power, and Police Reform in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Politics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>44-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinantes del subejercicio presupuestal en el Fondo de Aportaciones para la Seguridad Pública (FASP) del Ramo 33]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiapa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios del ramo 33]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>227-70</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística (INEGI)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta Nacional de Población Privada de la Libertad]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ENPOL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INEGI. Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción sobre Seguridad Pública]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ENVIPE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Glosario de conceptos]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Censo Nacional de Gobierno]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kingdon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sotano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agendas, alternatives, and public policies]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Little, Brown]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christopher]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gretchen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. Moore]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maguire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hiring and Retention Issues in Police Agencies: Readings on the Determinants of Police Strength, Hiring and Retention of Officers, and the Federal COPS Program]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Urban Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langworthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The structure of police organizations]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Praeger Publisher]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langworthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The structure of police organizations]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Praeger Publisher]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LaRose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antony P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maddan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sean A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reforming La Policia: looking to the future of policing in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Police Practice and Research]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>333-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Science of &#8220;Muddling Through]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Administration Review]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>79-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lisón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reforma policial y gasto público en entidades federativas y municipios mexicanos (2008-2013)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>31-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambarry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trujillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La eficacia de la policía estatal en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perfiles latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>52</numero>
<issue>52</issue>
<page-range>1-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marisol]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La implementación del modelo de policía estatal acreditable con mando único coordinado y su incidencia en los municipios mexicanos; actualización y avances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista legislativa de estudios sociales y de opinión pública]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>73-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maguire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uchida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Craig]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measurement and Explanation in the Comparative Study of American Police Organizations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Criminal justice]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>491-557</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transformaciones de la violencia y la criminalidad mexicana. Solidaridad forzada y violencia silenciosa desde la periferia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brígida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renoldi]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvador]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[violencia y mercado. Conexiones etnográficas en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>231-52</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Estado]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>México Evalúa, Centro de Análisis de Políticas Públicas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Arquitectura del Ramo 23]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[México Evalúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>México Evalúa, Centro de análisis de políticas públicas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El gasto en seguridad: Observaciones de la Auditoría Superior de la Federación a la gestión y uso de recursos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moloeznik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Eugenia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El proceso de militarización de la seguridad pública en México (2006-2010)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontera Norte]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>48</numero>
<issue>48</issue>
<page-range>121-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sabina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La militarización, un obstáculo para la gobernanza democrática de la seguridad en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista colombiana de sociología]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>83-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muedano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Faltan a México 96 mil policías; incumple estándar de la ONU]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Excélsior]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mancur]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Logic of Collective Action. Public Goods and the Theory of Groups]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[EUA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Police CapacityBuilding and Development]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Department of Peacekeeping Operations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ostrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elinor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding the Diversity of Structured Human Interactions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ostrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elinor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Understanding Institutional Diversity]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ostrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elinor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Gobierno de los Bienes Comunes: La Evolución de las Instituciones de Acción colectiva]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los límites de la militarización de la seguridad pública en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Animal Político]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polidano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring public sector capacity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>805-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Police Reform in Mexico: Informal Politics and the Challenge of Institutional Change]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Said]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gasto subnacional, presupuestado y ejercido: la brecha entre el plan y la práctica en México (2003-2016)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro Internacional]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>139-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schedler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[En la niebla de la guerra: Los ciudadanos ante la violencia criminal organizada]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIDE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva, Forné]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catalina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of Lethal Force by Mexican Security Forces 2007- 2015]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anaya-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frey]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mexico&#8217;s Human Rights Crisis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>23-42</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Pennylvania Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Forné]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padilla Oñate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tortura en la guerra contra el narcotráfico en México, entre la militarización, el control político y el nuevo sistema de justicia penal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Law Review]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>107-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Herbert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Models of Man: Social and Rational; Mathematical Essays on Rational Human Behavior in Society Setting]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sirnes Hjelum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Magnus]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lægreid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Per]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The challenge of transboundary coordination: The case of the Norwegian police and military]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Safety Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<page-range>131-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vanesa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ellos son los gobernadores que más faltan a reuniones de seguridad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Sol de México]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stucky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Local politics and police strength]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Justice quarterly]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>139-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Eugenia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moloeznik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Justiciabarómetro. Diagnóstico Integral de la Policía Municipal en Ciudad Juárez]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Justice in Mexico Project]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ungar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elusive Reform: Democracy and the rule of law in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynne Rienner Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Urbina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bárcena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Herramientas de análisis multivariado para la investigación social. Una guía práctica en STATA]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tecnológico de Monterrey]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Urban Unease: Community vs. City]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Public Interest]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>25-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[James]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilson]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Barbara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of the police on crime]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Law &amp; Society Review]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>367-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
