<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-7890</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Dilemas contemporáneos: educación, política y valores]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Dilemas contemp. educ. política valores]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-7890</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asesorías y tutorías para la investigación científica en la Educación Puig-Salabarría S.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-78902021000800042</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46377/dilemas.v9i.2949</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en educación a distancia durante la pandemia COVID-19 utilizadas en educación primaria]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic used in primary education]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montalvo-Charles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gloria Leticia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ezra Federico]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Regional de Formación Docente e Investigación Educativa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Regional de Formación Docente e Investigación Educativa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>spe1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-78902021000800042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-78902021000800042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-78902021000800042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 ocasionó un cambio de la educación presencial hacia la educación a distancia soportada por las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC); los resultados reportados en este artículo se obtuvieron de encuestas realizadas a 3,292 padres de estudiantes de educación primaria durante el año 2021 en el estado de Tamaulipas, México. La metodología utilizada siguió un enfoque cuantitativo no-experimental con un alcance descriptivo. Las principales conclusiones son: a) la mayoría de los padres debieron comprar dispositivos electrónicos; b) la aplicación más utilizada fue WhatsApp; c) la plataforma educativa más usada: Google Classroom, y d) los materiales didácticos preferidos fueron los documentos digitalizados y las guías de estudio impresas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused a change from face-to-face education to distance education supported by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT); The results reported in this article were obtained from surveys of 3,292 parents of elementary school students during the year 2021 in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. The methodology used followed a non-experimental quantitative approach with a descriptive scope. The main conclusions are: a) the majority of parents had to buy electronic devices; b) the most used applications was WhatsApp; c) the most used educational platform: Google Classroom, and d) the preferred teaching materials were digitized documents and printed study guides.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación a Distancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dispositivos electrónicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plataformas educativas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[herramientas digitales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Distance Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electronic devices]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[educational platforms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[digital tools]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elboj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las comunidades de aprendizaje:Un modelo de educación dialógica en la sociedad del conocimiento]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>91-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Aretio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Historia de la Educación a Distancia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Aretio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perspectivas teóricas de la educación a distancia y virtual]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Pedagogía]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>249</numero>
<issue>249</issue>
<page-range>255-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three generations of technological innovations in distance education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Distance Education]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>235-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Beyond independence in distance education: the concept of control]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Journal of Distance Education]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>3-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guided didactic conversation in distance education]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Distance Education: International Perspectives]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Observatorio de Innovación Educativa]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INEA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020. Recuperado el 23 de junio de 2021, de Censos y Conteos de Población y Vivienda]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foundations of Distance Education]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<edition>2nd</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marciniak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gairín-Sallán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dimensiones de evaluación de calidad de educación virtual: revisión de modelos referentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RIED Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>217-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Editorial: distance education theory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Higher Education]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distance teaching an industrial production: a comparative interpretation in outline]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keegan, &amp; B.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Holmberg, Distance Education: international Perspectives]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Croom Helm]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Secretaría de Educación de Tamaulipas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario de la estadística educativa del Estado de Tamaulipas ciclo escolar 2019-2020]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Victoria ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SET]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Secretaría de Educación Pública</collab>
<source><![CDATA[SEP Gobierno de México. Recuperado el 08 de julio de 2021, de Libro Blanco Programa "Enciclomedia"]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SEP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa: Habilidades Digitales para Todos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SEP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SEP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[¿En qué consiste el programa Mi Compu.Mx?]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SEP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa de Inclusión Digital]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Educación Pública]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>SEP</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nueva Escuela Mexicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Escuela Mexicana y la Nueva Normalidad: Aprende en Casa 2 SEP]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verduin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Distance Education: The Foundations of Effective Practice]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Jossey-Bass Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
