<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-7467</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[RIDE. Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[RIDE. Rev. Iberoam. Investig. Desarro. Educ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-7467</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Docente A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-74672022000100059</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23913/ride.v12i24.1233</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Man-Machine System of the Machining Area and the assessment of its reliability]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El Sistema hombre-máquina del área de maquinado y la evaluación de su confiabilidad]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O sistema homem-máquina da área de usinagem e a avaliação de sua confiabilidade]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaya-Toral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa Ma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piña-Monarrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riva-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge De la]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico Nacional de México Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Juárez ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico Nacional de México Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Juárez ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico Nacional de México Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Juárez ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Texas College of Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-74672022000100059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-74672022000100059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-74672022000100059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper contains the design of a man-machine system model for the machine tools based on a serial-parallel configuration and their component-subsystem relationships. Causal Analyses and a classification system using the Cluster Analysis were used to analyze the non-conforming pieces that occurred in 3 machine shops from the metal mechanical sector, and to design the man-machine system model. The man-machine system model proposes to provide adequate conditions to apply some statistical reliability assessment models with a serial-parallel systems approach, and on the assumptions of the constant and additive failure rate of the Exponential and Weibull functions respectively. As an input of the first statistical model, the times to failure from non-conforming pieces and goodness of fit test have been used to assess the reliability of component-subsystem relationships. For the second statistical model the reliabilities from component-subsystem relationships were used to assess the reliability of subsystems as serial systems configuration. Inputs for the third statistical model have used reliabilities from subsystems to assess the reliability of the man-machine system as a parallel system configuration. The man-machine system and statistical models were implemented and validated in a company from the metal-mechanical sector with a low-volume and high-mix production rate whose operations were carried out by both conventional and CNC machines. Based on the man-machine system analysis was possible to know the formal structure of machine tools that generate non-conforming pieces in the scrap area as well as to identify the subcauses of failure that affect the system (components). Components identified were: maintenance/set up, institutional conditions/attitude, admission profile, information/communication, calibration, and supplier. Also, the most common places where failures occurred (subsystems) were identified. Subsystems identified were: machine, tool, process/operation, measurement/instrumentation, programming/design, and material. Through the selected statistical models was possible to get reliability indices for each component-subsystem relationship, for each subsystem as well as for the whole man-machine system, identifying areas for improvement. The company where the methodology was implemented and validated presented a high volume of scrap in the machine tool and it was possible to identify that the subsystem: process/operation and the components: maintenance/set up and institutional conditions/attitude had the lowest reliability, and they were considered as opportunities areas for improvement. For 7 hours the man-machine reliability is 0.1409 (the probability to find a product without failures for which it must be scrapped is 14.09%). In the machine shop, the issues that caused these low levels of reliability are attributed to the insufficient preventive and predictive maintenance program. Improvement actions are considered in another research. This kind of research investigates a little-studied problem, as it is about the reliability of the man-machine system in machining tools and investigates from an innovative perspective and preparing the ground for new studies in the metal mechanical sector.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[resumen está disponible en el texto completo]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este trabalho contém o sistema homem-máquina da área de usinagem, baseado na configuração série-paralelo e nas relações componente-subsistema. A análise de causa e um sistema de classificação através da Análise de Cluster foram utilizados para analisar as peças não conformes que ocorreram em 3 oficinas de usinagem do setor metalmecânico e projetar o modelo do sistema homem-máquina. O objetivo do modelo de sistema homem-máquina é fornecer as condições adequadas para aplicar alguns modelos estatísticos para avaliar a confiabilidade, com a abordagem dos sistemas série-paralelo e sob as hipóteses de uma taxa de falhas constante e aditiva das distribuições exponenciais. e Weibull respectivamente. Como entrada para o primeiro modelo estatístico, tempos para falhas de peças não conformes e testes de ajuste foram usados para avaliar a confiabilidade das relações componente-subsistema. Para o segundo modelo estatístico, as confiabilidades das relações componente-subsistema foram utilizadas para avaliar a confiabilidade dos subsistemas, com a configuração dos sistemas em série. As entradas do terceiro modelo estatístico, as confiabilidades dos subsistemas, foram utilizadas para avaliar a confiabilidade do sistema homem-máquina, com a configuração de um sistema paralelo. O sistema homem-máquina e os modelos estatísticos foram implementados e validados em uma empresa do setor metal-mecânico de baixo volume e alta taxa de produção de mix, cujas operações são realizadas por máquinas convencionais e de Controle Numérico (CNC). Com o sistema homem-máquina foi possível conhecer a estrutura formal das áreas de usinagem a partir das peças não conformes da área de sucata e identificar as subcausas de falha que afetam o sistema (componentes). Os componentes identificados foram: manutenção/configuração, condições/atitude institucionais, perfil de entrada, informação/comunicação, calibração e fornecedor. Também foram identificados os locais mais comuns de ocorrência de falhas (subsistemas). Os subsistemas identificados foram: máquina, ferramenta, processo/operação, medição/instrumentação, programação/projeto e material. Através dos modelos estatísticos foi possível obter os índices de confiabilidade para cada relação componente-subsistema, para cada subsistema, bem como para o sistema homem-máquina, identificando assim áreas de melhoria. A empresa onde a metodologia foi implantada e validada apresentou alto índice de refugo na área de usinagem e foi possível identificar que o subsistema processo/operação e os componentes manutenção/configuração e condições institucionais/atitude tiveram a menor confiabilidade e foram considerados como áreas de oportunidade de melhoria. Durante 7 horas a confiabilidade homem-máquina é de 0,1409 (a probabilidade de encontrar um produto sem defeitos pelo qual deve ser descartado é de 14,09%). Na oficina mecânica, os problemas que causaram esses baixos níveis de confiabilidade são atribuídos a um programa de manutenção preventiva e preditivo insuficiente. Ações de melhoria são consideradas em outra investigação. Esse tipo de pesquisa estuda um problema pouco estudado, como a confiabilidade do sistema homem-máquina nas áreas de usinagem, e investiga sob uma perspectiva inovadora, além de preparar o campo para novos estudos no setor metalmecânico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[man-machine system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reliability assessment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scrap]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[serial-parallel system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[statistical models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema hombre-máquina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[evaluación de la confiabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[scrap]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema serie-paralelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo estadístico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sistema homem-máquina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[avaliação de confiabilidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sucata]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sistema série-paralelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[modelo estatístico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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