<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-5308</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[México y la cuenca del pacífico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Méx.cuenca pac]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-5308</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Departamento de Estudios del Pacífico]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-53082025000100057</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32870/mycp.v14i40.883</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La BRI: oportunidades y desafíos para América del Sur]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The BRI: Opportunities and Challenges for South America]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limón-Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar Samid]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario del Sur ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Guzmán Jalisco]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>40</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-53082025000100057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-53082025000100057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-53082025000100057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo analiza la evolución y desempeño de la BRI desde su anuncio en 2013 hasta 2023, destacando el incremento de las actividades políticas y comerciales con la región de América del Sur; haciendo énfasis en lo que significa para China esta región, sustancial por el cúmulo de materias primas y demás materiales que se encuentran en la zona. Para ello se estudia el contexto del surgimiento de la BRI, se esboza la relación de China con América del Sur en el presente siglo, se examina cómo esta región del mundo se incorpora a la BRI bajo la técnica de análisis de corte comparativo apoyado de estadística descriptiva; además, se visualizan los retos a los que se enfrentará en un futuro próximo; se infiere que la BRI es una de las estrategias más significativas que China está implementando para consolidarse como principal socio comercial de las economías de Sudamérica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The article analyzes the evolution and performance of the BRI from its announcement in 2013 until 2023, highlighting the increase in political and commercial activities in the South American region. It emphasizes the significance of this region for China, mainly due to the accumulation of raw materials and other materials found in the area. To achieve this, the context of the emergence of the BRI is studied, outlining China&#8217;s relationship with South America in the present century. The article examines how this region of the world integrates into the BRI using a comparative analysis technique supported by descriptive statistics. Additionally, it outlines the challenges the initiative will face shortly, inferring that the BRI is one of the most significant strategies China is implementing to establish itself as the main trading partner for the economies of South America.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[BRI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América del Sur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comercio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inversiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[BRI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[South America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Trade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Investments]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What we do]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ratings Direct]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crecimiento del PIB (% anual)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exportaciones de bienes y servicios (balanza de pagos, US$ precios a actuales)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Importaciones de bienes y servicios (balanza de pagos, US$ precios a actuales)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crecimiento del PIB (% anual)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tráfico marítimo de contenedores (TEU: unidades equivalentes a 20 pies)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Índice de conectividad de carga marítima (valor máximo en 2004 = 100)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comercio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Población, total]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PIB (US$ a precios actuales)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PIB per cápita (US$ a precios actuales)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inversión extranjera directa, entrada neta de capital (% del PIB)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inversión extranjera directa, salida neta de capital (% del PIB)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La integración productiva América Latina - Asia Pacífico y sus desafíos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Latin America Population Will Reach 625 Million Inhabitants by 2016, According to ECLAC Estimates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relaciones económicas entre América Latina y el Caribe y China: oportunidades y desafíos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[NN. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La integración comercial y productiva de aladi y su cambio estructural]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economía UNAM]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>41</numero>
<issue>41</issue>
<page-range>90-109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La inversión extranjera directa: China como competidor y socio estratégico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>203</numero>
<issue>203</issue>
<page-range>114-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Monitor de la infraestructura China en América Latina y el Caribe 2021]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Ciclo de Conferencias del Cechimex]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[RED ALC-China]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankopan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noriega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las nuevas rutas de la seda: Presente y futuro del mundo]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial CRITICA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gálvez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosselot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inversiones de China en el Cono Sur de América Latina (Documento de Trabajo del Área de Institucionalidad y Desarrollo)]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Estudios de la Fundación SOL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaviria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El papel de América Latina en el One Belt One Road de China]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[China: reforma económica y apertura externa. Transformación, efectos y desafíos, un enfoque neoinstitucional]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[OBOR-NRGS, el proyecto chino para el siglo XXI: alcance global]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oropeza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[China: BRI o el nuevo camino de la seda]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>245-70</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retos socioeconómicos del sueño chino en el primer cuarto del siglo XXI]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrotini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Alternativas de política monetaria en la poscrisis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>259-83</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Green Finance &amp; Development Center</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fudan University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gruss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[América Latina: Creciendo sin la locomotora de los commodities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Monetario Internacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Held]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[BRI puts ties with Argentina on fast track]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[China Daily]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herreros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La integración económica en América Latina: racionalidad, oportunidades y desafíos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[División de Comercio Internacional e Integración, CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portelance]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Examining the Debt Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative from a Policy Perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Center for Global Development]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kynge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[China faces wave of calls for debt relief on &#8216;Belt and Road&#8217; Projects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Financial Times]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Todos los caminos conducen a China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CELAG]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limón-Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La BRI: del Impasse al impulso post COVID-19]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Impacto y estrategias de China ante la COVID-19: de la crisis a la oportunidad]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>15-43</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Colima]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malamud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Por qué importa América Latina?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Real Instituto Elcano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Producción, Comercio Exterior, Inversiones y Pesca</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratado de Libre Comercio Ecuador - China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores RPC</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Xi Jinping se Reúne con Presidente de Ecuador Guillermo Lasso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Observatorio de Complejidad Económica</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exportaciones de China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Observatorio de Complejidad Económica</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[OEC]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparative study of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Marshall plan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palgrave Communications]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shixue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallimaci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La franja y la ruta, iniciativa china de cooperación con América Latina y Caribe]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SICE</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Información por País]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OEA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slipak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[América Latina y China: ¿cooperación Sur-Sur o &#8220;Consenso de Beijing&#8221;?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>250</numero>
<issue>250</issue>
<page-range>102-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cómo Paraguay quedó atrapado en la histórica pelea entre Taiwán y China (y qué tiene que ver con el coronavirus)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BBC News Mundo]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Statista</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Number of inhabitants in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2021, by country or territory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Naciones Unidas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Bolivia (Plurinational State of)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Guyana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Panama]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Paraguay]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Peru]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Suriname]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Uruguay]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maritime Profile: Venezuela Rep. of]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Energy Trade</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[En Argentina, una empresa minera de China es la última en apostar a lo grande por las riquezas del litio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Finance</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From &#8216;Made in China&#8217; to &#8216;Designed in China&#8217;?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Trade Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Regional Trade Agreements]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La década dorada contra el hambre en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El País]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yidai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Franja Económica de la Ruta de la Seda y la Ruta Marítima de la Seda del Siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
