<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-5057</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación en educación médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación educ. médica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-5057</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-50572017000100008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.riem.2016.04.005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de reactivos de opción múltiple en medicina. Evidencia de validez de un instrumento]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Assessment of multiple-choice questions in medicine. Validity evidence of an instrument]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alpuche Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amilcar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adrián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Bioquímica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Medicina Secretaría de Educación Médica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-50572017000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-50572017000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-50572017000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción La adecuada elaboración de los reactivos de un examen constituye una evidencia de validez del mismo. A pesar de existir un consenso general sobre las recomendaciones en la elaboración de un buen reactivo, hay diferentes estudios publicados que reportan una alta incidencia de fallas en el apego a las mismas. Se propone un instrumento para evaluar la calidad en la elaboración de reactivos de opción múltiple y se describe el proceso de obtención de evidencias de validez.  Método Se obtuvo evidencia de validez de un instrumento diseñado ex profeso para evaluar las características de los reactivos de opción múltiple, de acuerdo con las fuentes propuestas por los Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, atendiendo a aquellas fuentes relacionadas con el contenido, el proceso de respuesta y la estructura interna. Se calculó el índice Kappa (por el modelo propuesto por Fleiss) y la correlación punto-biserial de Pearson para medir la concordancia en los diferentes criterios que evalúa el instrumento. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar las dimensiones del instrumento y se calculó el alfa de Cronbach como estadístico de consistencia interna.  Resultados La concordancia entre múltiples jueces tuvo un valor mayor de 0.8 (acuerdo casi perfecto) para 12 de los 21 criterios, y de 0.19 para el nivel taxonómico. El análisis factorial definió 4 dimensiones con un KMO = 0.666, (p &lt; 0.01), una varianza total explicada de 49.979%, y un &#945; de Cronbach de 0.627.  Conclusión Este instrumento puede ser aplicado para la evaluación de reactivos de opción múltiple, ya que cuenta con evidencia de validez relacionada con el contenido, el proceso de respuesta y estructura interna y los indicadores psicométricos son adecuados para su instrumentación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction The appropriate preparation of test ítems of an examination constitutes validity evidence in itself. Despite there being a general consensus about item-writing guidelines, several studies report a high incidence of violations of these standards. An instrument is proposed in order to assess the quality of multiple-choice item-writing, describing the validity evidence gathering process.  Methods The validity evidence was gathered on an instrument designed to assess multiple choice ítems features, according to the sources proposed by the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, and particularly those related to content, response process, and internal structure. Kappa index (following Fleiss&#8217; model) and point-biserial correlation coefficient were used to measure concordance in the criteria assessed by the instrument. An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to identify the instrument dimensions, and Cronbach's alpha was calculated as an internal consistency statistic.  Results Concordance between multiple judges was greater than 0.8 (almost perfect agreement) for 12 out of 21 criteria, and 0.19 for Bloom's taxonomy level. Factorial analysis defined 4 dimensions with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test =0.666 (p&lt;.01), explained variance of 49.979%, and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.627.  Conclusion This instrument can be used to assess multiple choice ítems, since it counts with validity evidence related to content, response process and internal structure, and psychometric values appropriated for instrumentation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Validez de pruebas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reactivos de opción múltiple]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Test validity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Multiple choice ítems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Assessment]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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