<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982021000200229</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.2654</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Breeding system in a population of the globose cactus Mammillaria magnimamma at Valle del Mezquital, Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sistema sexual del cacto globoso Mammillaria magnimamma en una población del Valle del mezquital, México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callejas-Chavero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Hinostrosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arriola-Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornejo-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amelia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Departamento de Botánica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Departamento de Zoología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Biología Departamento de Botánica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Conservación y Mejoramiento de Ecosistemas Forestales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>229</fpage>
<lpage>241</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982021000200229&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982021000200229&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982021000200229&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  The breeding system of Mammillaria magnimamma was initially described as hermaphroditic. However, some individuals in a natural population at Valle del Mezquital exhibited a seemingly non-functional androecium.  Objectives:  To determine the breeding system of M. magnimamma through morphological characterization of floral types.  Study site and years:  The study was conducted at Valle del Mezquital, Mexico, during the 2019 reproductive season.  Methods:  We characterized floral polymorphism by means of scanning electron microscopy and morphometric analysis of 18 floral traits. Pollinator frequency, size and number of seeds, and germination rate were compared between flower types.  Results:  87.85 % of the plants were hermaphrodites, and 12.15 % were females with non-functional androecium, with significantly smaller stamens, indehiscent anthers, and malformed pollen. Female flowers were shorter (14.007 ± 0.742 mm) and had smaller nectar chambers (1.856 ± 0.151 mm) than hermaphroditic flowers (15.821 ( 0.450 and 2.194 ± 0.090 mm, respectively). Although pollinators visited hermaphrodites (124 visits) about twice as often as pistillate flowers (60 visits), the latter produced more numerous (F 1,26 = 8.320, P = 0.003) and larger (Hc = 4.637, P = 0.031) seeds that also germinated faster (Hc = 70.59, P &lt; 0.0001).  Conclusions:  This M. magnimamma population exhibits a gynodioecious breeding system with both hermaphroditic and male sterile female plants. Females produce more, higher quality seeds, which favour their maintenance in the population.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: El sistema reproductivo de Mammillaria magnimamma fue descrito inicialmente como hermafrodita. Sin embargo, en una población natural del Valle del Mezquital algunos individuos muestran un androceo aparentemente no-funcional.  Objetivos: Determinar el sistema reproductivo de M. magnimamma mediante la caracterización morfológica de los tipos florales.  Sitio de estudio y años: El estudio se realizó en el Valle del Mezquital, México, durante el periodo de reproductivo 2019.  Métodos: Se caracterizó el polimorfismo floral mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido y análisis morfométrico de 18 caracteres florales. Se compararon la frecuencia de polinizadores, la longitud y número de semillas, así como la tasa de germinación entre tipos florales.  Resultados: El 87.85 % de los individuos fueron hermafroditas y 12.15 % hembras con androceo no-funcional cuyos estambres fueron significativamente más pequeños y anteras indehiscentes, con polen malformado. La longitud de la flor (14.007 ± 0.742 mm) y la cámara nectarial (1.856 ± 0.151 mm) de las flores femeninas fueron significativamente menores que las hermafroditas (15.821 ± 0.450 y 2.194 ± 0.090 mm, respectivamente). Aunque la frecuencia de polinizadores fue el doble en hermafroditas (124 visitas) que en pistiladas (60 visitas), éstas produjeron más semillas (F 1, 26 = 8.320, P = 0.003), de mayor tamaño (Hc = 4.637, P = 0.031) que germinaron más rápidamente (Hc = 70.59, P &lt; 0.0001).  Conclusiones: La población de M. magnimamma es ginodioica con individuos hermafroditas y hembras que presentan esterilidad del macho, las cuales producen semillas en mayor cantidad y calidad, favoreciendo su mantenimiento en la población.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Floral morphometry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[germination rate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gynodioecy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollinators]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scanning electron microscopy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ginodiocismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microscopía electrónica de barrido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[morfometría floral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polinizadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[porcentaje de germinación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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