<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982020000400554</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.2608</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pollen and anther development malfunction in distylous flowers of Palicourea padifolia (Rubiaceae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fallas del desarrollo de polen y anteras en flores diestílicas de Palicourea padifolia (Rubiaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ornelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Judith]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología A.C. Departamento de Biología Evolutiva ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Xalapa]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ México, Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>554</fpage>
<lpage>569</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982020000400554&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982020000400554&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982020000400554&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  Heterostyly is a genetic polymorphism in which flowers differ between individual plants of a species in heights at which stamens and style are reciprocally positioned. In these species, sexual selection theory predicts that different allocation patterns affect the functioning of polymorphism, enabling the evolutionary transition between heterostyly and dioecy.  Questions:  Because heterostyly can transit into dioecy, does anther/pollen development differ between floral morphs (LS and SS) of P. padifolia? Is pollen/anther development malfunction associated with one morph more than the other?  Study species: Palicourea padifolia (Rubiaceae), a distylous plant.  Methods:  Tiny floral buds to flowers at anthesis were collected, processed for microphotography, and examined to describe pollen developmental pathways in LS and SS flowers. In addition, we used the TUNEL test to detect programmed cell death.  Results:  Stages of normal pollen development are fully described and illustrated in LS and SS flowers. Abnormalities due to tapetal degeneration were observed at various developmental stages; at later stages, SS flowers showed more abnormalities than LS flowers. The TUNEL test showed that degeneration was by programmed cell death.  Conclusions:  Along with previous results of asymmetrical fecundity and pollen transfer of morphs in P. padifolia, our study of pollen development indicates that the SS morph was more prone to lose the male function, though male sterility is far from being complete, which it might be an initial step towards functional dioecy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes:  Heteroestilia es un polimorfismo floral donde las flores se diferencian recíprocamente entre plantas de una especie en la posición de estambres y estilo. En estas especies, la teoría de selección sexual predice que patrones de asignación diferente afectan el funcionamiento del polimorfismo, permitiendo la transición evolutiva entre heteroestilia y dioecia.  Preguntas:  Debido a que la heteroestilia puede transitar hacia la dioecia, ¿Difieren los morfos florales (LS y SS) de P. padifolia en el desarrollo de anteras y polen? ¿Las fallas del desarrollo de polen y anteras están asociadas con uno de los morfos más que con el otro?  Especie de estudio: Palicourea padifolia (Rubiaceae), una planta diestílica.  Métodos:  Colectamos desde botones florales pequeños a flores en antesis, procesamos para microfotografía, y examinamos para describir el desarrollo del polen en flores LS y SS. Además, usamos la prueba de TUNEL para detectar muerte celular programada.  Resultados:  Se ilustra y describe el desarrollo normal del polen en flores LS y SS. Observamos anormalidades por degeneración tapetal en varias etapas, pero en los más tardías hubo más anormalidades en SS que LS. La prueba de TUNEL mostró que la degeneración fue por muerte celular programada.  Conclusiones:  En concordancia con resultados previos de fecundidad y transferencia de polen asimétrica entre morfos de P. padifolia, nuestro estudio de desarrollo de polen indica que el morfo SS está perdiendo la función masculina, aunque la esterilidad masculina dista de ser total, lo que podría ser el primer paso hacia la dioecia funcional.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Heterostyly]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[male sterility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Palicourea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollen development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rubiaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tapetum layer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo de polen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esterilidad masculina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[heteroestilia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Palicourea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rubiaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tapetum]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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