<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982020000400499</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.2642</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Biología floral, visitantes florales y sistema reproductivo de Nymphaea gracilis Zucc. (Nymphaeaceae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Floral biology, floral visitors, and reproductive system of Nymphaea gracilis Zucc. (Nymphaeaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zepeda-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Muciño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emanuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burrola-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada-Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Ciencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Centro de Investigación en Recursos Bióticos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>499</fpage>
<lpage>515</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982020000400499&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982020000400499&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982020000400499&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes:  La biología floral influye en el sistema reproductivo de las plantas y permite identificar factores que afectan la supervivencia y dinámica de poblaciones vegetales.  Preguntas:  ¿Cuáles son los atributos florales, el despliegue floral, el sistema y rendimiento reproductivo, y el principal visitante floral de N. gracilis? ¿Los cruces intrapoblacionales pueden conducir a una depresión por endogamia?  Especie de estudio: Nymphaea gracilis una hidrófita enraizada emergente endémica del centro de México y amenazada de extinción.  Sitio y años de estudios:  El estudio se realizó en dos cuerpos de agua del municipio de Toluca, Estado de México. De agosto a diciembre de 2017 y 2018.  Método:  La morfología floral y la función masculina y femenina se evaluaron a lo largo de la antesis. Se analizó la producción y biomasa de frutos y semillas, los visitantes florales y la relación polen:óvulo. La estrategia reproductiva se evaluó por experimentos de exclusión de polinizadores y polinizaciones artificiales.  Resultados: Nymphaea gracilis presenta antesis diurna de 4-6 días, receptividad estigmática los dos primeros días, protoginia incompleta y xenogamia facultativa. Apis mellifera realizó la mayor contribución de polinización. Los cruzamientos artificiales indicaron que la especie no es agamosperma y que mantiene un sistema de cruzamiento mixto, autocompatibilidad, autogamia, limitación de polen mediada por polinizadores y niveles relativamente bajos de depresión por endogamia.  Conclusión:  El sistema mixto de reproducción en N. gracilis podría estar favoreciendo la permanencia de la población y garantizar la descendencia en un ambiente donde la disponibilidad de polinizadores es baja.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  Floral biology influences the plant reproductive systems and allows identify factors that affect the survival and dynamics of plant populations.  Questions:  What are the floral attributes, the floral display, the reproductive system, reproductive performance, and the main floral visitors of N. gracilis? Can intrapopulation crossings lead to inbreeding depression?  Study species: Nymphaea gracilis an emerging rooted hydrophyte endemic to central Mexico and threatened with extinction.  Site and years of studies:  The study was carried out in two bodies of water in the municipality of Toluca, State of Mexico. From August to December 2017 and 2018.  Methods:  The floral morphology and the male and female function were evaluated throughout the anthesis. The production and biomass of fruits and seeds, the floral visitors and the pollen: ovule relationship were analyzed. The reproductive strategy was evaluated by pollinator exclusion experiments and artificial pollinations.  Results: Nymphaea gracilis presents diurnal anthesis for 4-6 days, stigmatic receptivity first two days, incomplete protogyny and facultative xenogamy. Apis mellifera made the largest contribution of pollination. Artificial crosses indicated that the species is not agamosperm and that it maintains a mixed crossing system, autocompatibility, autogamy, pollinator-mediated pollen limitation, and relatively low levels of inbreeding depression.  Conclusions:  The mixed reproductive system in N. gracilis could be favoring the permanence of the population and guarantee the offspring in an environment where the availability of pollinators is low.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autocompatibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autogamia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[depresión por endogamia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estrategia reproductiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[xenogamia facultativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[autogamy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[facultative xenogamy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inbreeding depression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reproductive strategy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[self-compatibility]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nymphaeaceae]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plantas acuáticas mexicanas, una contribución a la flora de México]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>Vol. II Dicotiledóneas</volume>
<page-range>139-54</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, D.F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Biología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
