<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982017000300515</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.1190</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phylogenetic position of Echeveria heterosepala (Crassulaceae): a rare species with diagnostic characters of Pachyphytum]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Cotero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología A.C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Zapopan Jalisco]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Zapopan Jalisco]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>515</fpage>
<lpage>526</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982017000300515&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982017000300515&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982017000300515&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Background: Echeveria and Pachyphytum are two closely related Neotropical genera in the Crassulaceae. Several species in Echeveria possess characters cited as diagnostic for Pachyphytum such as a clearly defined stem, a nectary scale on the inner face of petals and as inflorescence a scorpioid cyme or cincinnus. Pachyphytum has been identified as monophyletic while Echeveria as polyphyletic in previous molecular phylogenetic analysess.  Hypothesis:  The objective of this paper is to identify the phylogenetic position of a rare species with restricted distribution in Echeveria, E. heterosepala that possesses the diagnostic characters of Pachyphytum to better understand the generic limits between these two genera. We expect this species to be closely related to Pachyphytum.  Methods:  Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses were carried out using 47 taxa, including as ingroup, species of Echeveria, Graptopetalum, Lenophyllum, Pachyphytum, Sedum, Thompsonella and Villadia and as outgroup, species in Dudleya. Analyses were conducted based on plastid (rpl16, trnL-F) and nuclear (ETS, ITS) markers. Ancestral character reconstruction was carried out under a parsimony criterion based on the molecular trees retrieved by the phylogenetic analyses. Four morphological characters were considered: defined stem, type of inflorescence, nectary scale in petals and position of sepals.  Results:  Accessions of E. heterosepala were retrieved in a well-supported clade group comprising exclusively Echeveria species. Therefore this species belongs to Echeveria although possessing characters similar to Pachyphytum and moreover it was not identified closely related to this genus. None of the traits considered have taxonomic importance. The node at the Pachyphytum clade identified unambiguous character states such as stem present, straight sepals, nectary scale on petals, however these character states were identified in the rest of the clades as well. Remarkably, the monophyly of Pachyphytum was corroborated, while Echeveria remains poorly understood.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Antecedentes: Echeveria y Pachyphytum son dos géneros Neotropicales cercanamente relacionados en Crassulaceae. Varias especies de Echeveria poseen caracteres citados como diagnósticos para Pachyphtum, tales como un tallo claramente definido, una escama nectarífera en la cara interna de los pétalos y una inflorescencia cimosa escorpioide, es decir un cincino. Filogenias moleculares previas han identificado a Pachytphytum como un grupo monofilético mientras que a Echeveria como polifilético.  Hipótesis:  El objetivo de este trabajo es el de identificar la posición filogenética de una especie rara de distribución restringida en Echeveria, E. heterosepala, la cual posee los caracteres diagnósticos de Pachyphytum para entender mejor los límites de estos dos géneros. Nuestra hipótesis es que debería resultar cercanamente relacionada a Pachyphytum.  Métodos:  Se llevaron a cabo análisis de inferencia Bayesiana y de Máxima Verosimilitud tomando en cuenta 47 taxa, incluyendo como grupo interno a especies de Echeveria, Graptopetalum, Lenophyllum, Pachyphytum, Sedum, Thompsonella y Villadia y como grupo externo a especies de Dudleya. Los análisis consideraron secuencias de ADN de cloroplasto (rpl16, trnL-F) y nuclear (ETS, ITS). También se llevó a cabo una reconstrucción de caracteres morfológicos ancestrales bajo el criterio de parsimonia tomando en cuenta los cladogramas de los análisis filogenéticos. Se codificaron cuatro caracteres morfológicos: tallo definido, tipo de inflorescencia, escala nectarífera en la cara interna de los pétalos y posición de los sépalos.  Resultados:  Las muestras de E. heterosepala se identificaron en un clado bien soportado que comprendía únicamente especies de Echeveria, por lo que esta especie debe formar parte de este género, aunque posea caracteres diagnósticos de Pachyphytum y más aún no resultó cercanamente relacionada a este género. Ninguno de los caracteres codificados tuvo importancia taxonómica. Aunque el nodo del clado de Pachyphytum se caracterizó por caracteres no ambiguos, tales como tallo presente, pétalos rectos y presencia de escama nectarífera en los pétalos, estos caracteres sin embargo variarion en el resto de los clados. Es notable que la monofilia de Pachyphytum fue corroborada por este estudio mientras que las relaciones de Echeveria continúan sin entenderse.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Acre clade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Graptopetalum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Thompsonella]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clado Acre]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Graptopetalum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Thompsonella]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Highly effective sequencing whole chloroplast genomes of angiosperms by nine novel universal primer pairs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Molecular Ecology Resources]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>1024-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
