<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982016000200301</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.458</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of spine-shading on aspects of photosynthesis for three cactus species]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos del sombreado de las espinas en aspectos de fotosíntesis para tres especies de cactáceas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosa-Manzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edilia de la]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Instituto de Ecología Aplicada ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Victoria Tamaulipas]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica División de Ciencias Ambientales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Soledad de Graciano Sánchez San Luis Potosí]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>301</fpage>
<lpage>310</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982016000200301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982016000200301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982016000200301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We evaluated the effect of spine removal on three cactus species varying in spine-shading of stems. Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus showed the greater spine shading (c. 61 %), followed by Mammillaria zephyranthoides (43 %), and Echinocactus platyacanthus (17 %). We evaluated photosynthetic activity [titratable acidity, electron transport rate, potential quantum yield of Photosystem II, effective quantum yield of Photosystem II, and non-photochemical quenching], as well as pigment content (chlorophylls a and b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll/carotenoids ratio). For T. schmiedickeanus, the species having the higher spine shading, spine removal increased the CAM activity (acidity level) and the effective quantum yield of Photosystem II and diminished both electron transport rate and non-photochemical quenching at 15:00 hours. For M. zephyranthoides, the species having intermediate spine shading, spine removal also increased the acidity level but diminished effective quantum yield of Photosystem II at midday, as well as chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids, although there was higher non-photochemical quenching (heat quenching) as an adaptation to avoid photosynthetic damage. Spine removal did not affect acidity level or pigment content from E. platyacanthus, the species having the lower spine shading; however, at midday this species without spines showed a decrease of effective quantum yield of Photosystem II, as well as an increase of non-photochemical quenching and electron transport rate. We suggest that a main function of cactus spines is reduction of sun exposure to avoid damage to the photosynthetic apparatus.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se evaluó el efecto de la remoción de espinas en tres especies de cactos que varían en el sombreado de sus tallos por las espinas. Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus mostró el mayor sombreado (c. 61 %), seguido por Mammillaria zephyranthoides (43 %) y Echinocactus platyacanthus (17 %). Se evaluó la actividad fotosintética [acidez titulable, tasa de transporte de electrones, rendimiento cuántico potencial del Fotosistema II, rendimiento cuántico efectivo del Fotosistema II y disipación no fotoquímica], así como el contenido de pigmentos (clorofilas a y b, clorofila total, clorofila a/b, carotenoides y proporción clorofila total /carotenoides). Para T. schmiedickeanus, la especie con el mayor sombreado de espinas, la remoción de espinas incrementó la actividad MAC (nivel de acidez) y el rendimiento cuántico efectivo del fotosistema y disminuyó la tasa de transporte de electrones y la disipación no fotoquímica (disipación de calor) a las 15:00 h. Para M. zephyranthoides, la especie con el sombreado de espinas intermedio, la remoción de espinas incrementó el nivel de acidez pero disminuyó el rendimiento cuántico efectivo del fotosistema al mediodía, así como también la clorofila a, la clorofila total y los carotenoides, aunque hubo mayor disipación no fotoquímica (disipación de calor) como una adaptación para evitar el daño fotosintético. La remoción de espinas no afectó el nivel de acidez ni los pigmentos de E. platyacanthus, la especie con el menor sombreado de espinas. Sin embargo, sin espinas esta especie mostró disminución del rendimiento cuántico efectivo del fotosistema al mediodía, así como también incremento en disipación no fotoquímica y tasa de transporte de electrones. Se sugiere que una función principal de las espinas es la reducción de la exposición del sol para evitar daños en el aparato fotosintético.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cactaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CAM activity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[plant ecophysiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spine removal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Actividad CAM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cactaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecofisiología vegetal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[remoción de espinas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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