<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982016000100089</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.263</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Biotic factors associated with the spatial distribution of the mistletoe Psittacanthus calyculatus in a tropical deciduous forest of central Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arce-Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ileana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzán-Azpiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Humberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Facultad de Ciencias Naturales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Querétaro]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982016000100089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982016000100089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982016000100089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Psittacanthus calyculatus (Loranthaceae) is a neotropical hemiparasitic mistletoe and one of the most abundant and widely distributed species of the genus. Like most mistletoes, the interaction with its hosts and dispersers are directly related with its distribution and community dynamics. For the last decade, the infested areas in central México have increased, becoming a potential plant health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate three main biotic factors associated with the distribution of P. calyculatus in a tropical deciduous forest: (1) the plant community structure, (2) the host spatial distribution and level of association with P. calyculatus, and (3) bird consumers. Modified Whittaker plots were used to analyze the structure and composition of the plant community, comparing a highly infected mistletoe sites with non-infected sites. The spatial distribution and association of P. calyculatus with its most frequent hosts were calculated through a spatial analysis by distance indices. Study sites differed in plant diversity and species composition, showing a positive relation of mistletoe abundance with low diversity sites. The distance indices analysis presented a clumped distribution of P. calyculatus and Acacia hosts, as well as a high association with leguminous species such as A. farnesiana (X = 0.31, P = 0.0041) and A. schaffneri (X = 0.3977, P = 0.001). Three species consumed P. calyculatus&#8217; berries: the Northern mockingbird, the Silky-Flycatcher and the Scott&#8217;s Oriole.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Psittacanthus calyculatus (Loranthaceae) es un hemiparásito neotropical y uno de los más abundantes y con mayor distribución del género. Como la mayoría de los muérdagos, las interacciones con sus hospederos y dispersores están directamente relacionadas con su distribución y dinámica en la comunidad. En la última década las áreas infectadas se han incrementado, llegando a ser un problema potencial de salud forestal. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron investigar los tres factores bióticos principales asociados a la distribución de P. calyculatus en un bosque tropical caducifolio en la periferia de la ciudad de Querétaro: (1) la estructura de la comunidad vegetal, (2) la distribución espacial y el nivel de asociación de P. calyculatus para con sus hospederos y (3) las aves que consumen los frutos del muérdago Para analizar la estructura y composición de la comunidad vegetal, se comparó un área sin muérdago con un área con numerosos individuos de P. calyculatus con la ayuda de cuadrantes Whittaker. La distribución espacial y los valores de asociación fueron calculados mediante un análisis espacial por índices de distancia. Los sitios difirieron en composición de especies, mostrando una relación entre el muérdago y la importancia de sus hospederos en la comunidad. Se establecieron puntos de observación para registrar a las aves que se alimentaran de los frutos del muérdago. Se observó una distribución agregada de P. calyculatus y sus hospederos del género Acacia, así como también un nivel elevado de asociación con A. farnesiana (X = 0.31, P = 0.0041) y A. schaffneri (X = 0.3977, P = 0.001). Se registraron tres especies de aves que consumieron los frutos: el Centzontle Norteño, el Capulinero Negro y el Bolsero Tunero.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dispersers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[distance indices]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[host association]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Psittacanthus calyculatus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spatial distribution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[asociación de hospederos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dispersores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distribución espacial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índices de distancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Psittacanthus calyculatus]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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