<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4085</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de urología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. urol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4085</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Urología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-40852020000200002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48193/rmu.v80i2.619</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases in urinary tract infections: A serious problem in Northern Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia antibiótica y agentes beta-lactamasa de espectro extendido en las infecciones del tracto urinario: un problema grave en el norte de México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robles-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocaña-Munguía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madero Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Efraín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garza-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elvira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lauro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Monterrey Nuevo León]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-40852020000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-40852020000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-40852020000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  To describe the causal agents, prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors associated with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing agents in urinary tract infections (UTIs).  Materials and methods:  A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Monterrey, Mexico. Inclusion criteria were patients that clinically presented with a UTI and had a positive urine culture, within the time frame of March to October 2017. The association with ESBL-producing agents was determined through the &#935;2 test for categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at a p &lt;0.05, utilizing SPSS version 20.0 software.  Results:  A total of 353 positive urine cultures were confirmed. ESBL production was found in 21.5% of the strains. There was a high level of resistance (&gt;50%) to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, fosfomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and moderate resistance (10-50%) to gentamicin and ceftriaxone. Amikacin, ertapenem, nitrofurantoin, and colistin had the lowest resistance rates (&lt;10%). The ESBL-producing agents were associated with complicated UTI (p&#8804;0.0001). The comorbidities associated with ESBL-positive UTIs were diabetes mellitus (p=0.02) and immunodeficiency (p=0.008), as was having undergone radiotherapy (p=0.025) and previous antibiotic use (p&#8804;0.001).  Limitations:  The clonal relationship of isolates, especially of E. coli, was not analyzed. We could not establish whether there was a high level of genetic diversity between the isolates or whether independent acquisition or cross-transmission occurred.  Value:  We evaluated the epidemiologic characteristics of the ESBL-producing agents in UTIs at a Mexican tertiary care hospital.  Conclusions:  One out of every five UTIs was caused by ESBLs in our study population. There was a high level of resistance to the antibiotics used as first-line empiric therapy in the patients studied.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Describir los agentes causales, la prevalencia de resistencia a antibióticos y determinar factores de riesgo asociados con agentes productores de betalactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE) en las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU).  Materiales y métodos: Realizamos una cohorte retrospectiva en un hospital de III Nivel en Monterrey, México. Se incluyeron pacientes con clínica de ITU de marzo a octubre del 2017 con urocultivo positivo. Se determinó la asociación con agentes productores de BLEE, utilizando la prueba &#935;2 para variables categóricas y la prueba T para variables continuas. La significancia estadística se estableció en p &lt;0.05 utilizando SPSS versión 20.0.  Resultados: 353 urocultivos positivos fueron recabados. La producción de BLEE se encontró en 21.5%. Altas resistencias a amoxicilina-clavulanato (75%) y moderada resistencia a gentamicina, aztreonam, ceftriaxona, ciprofloxacina, levofloxacina, fosfomicina y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol fueron encontradas. Los agentes BLEE se asociaron con ITU complicada (p = &lt;0.0001) y se asociaron con DM2 (p = 0.02), inmunodeficiencia (p = 0.008), radioterapia (p = 0.025) y uso previo de antibióticos (p = &lt;0.001).  Limitaciones:  La relación clonal de los aislamientos, especialmente de E. coli, no se analizó. No podemos establecer si hubo diversidad genética entre los aislamientos y si ocurrió adquisición independiente o transmisión cruzada.  Valor: Evaluamos las características epidemiológicas de los agentes productores de BLEE en ITU en un hospital de III Nivel de México.  Conclusiones:  Una de cada cinco ITU es causada por agentes BLEE en nuestra población. Existe una alta resistencia a los antibióticos usados como terapia empírica en nuestra población.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Extended spectrum beta-lactamase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urinary tract infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urine culture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Betalactamasa de espectro extendido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infecciones del tracto urinario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia a antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[urocultivo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foxman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The epidemiology of urinary tract infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Reviews Urology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>653-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Litwin Mark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saigal Christopher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geschwind]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urologic diseases in america project: analytical methods and principal findings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>173</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>933-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Secretaría de Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Información Epidemiológica de Morbilidad]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SUIVE/DGE/Secretaría de Salud/Estados Unidos Mexicanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bjerklund-Johansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Çek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guidelines on urological infections]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>182</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[European association of urology]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surveillance study in Europe and Brazil on clinical aspects and Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology in Females with Cystitis (ARESC): implications for empiric therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Urol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1164-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Practical Guide to the Management of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drugs]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>583-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laupland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitout]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JDD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Church]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Community-onset Urinary Tract Infections: A Population-based Assessment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infection]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>150</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talbot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bad Bugs, No Drugs: No ESKAPE! An Update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zowawi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PNA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tambyah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schembri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pezzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The emerging threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in urology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Reviews Urology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>570-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tal Jasper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marchaim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The complex epidemiology of extended-spectrum &#946;-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Future Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>819-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romaní]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xercavins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for community-onset urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli harbouring extended-spectrum &#946;-lactamases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Antimicrob Chemother]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>780-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Baño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muniain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum &#946; -Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli as a Cause of Nosocomial Infection or Colonization: Implications for Control]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>37-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briongos&#8208;Figuero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez&#8208;Traveso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachiller&#8208;Luque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD-G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez&#8208;Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios&#8208;Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology, risk factors and comorbidity for urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Clinical Practice]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>891-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saltoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yemisen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozaras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balkan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[II]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of community-onset healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired urinary infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and antimicrobial activities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Clinical Practice]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>766-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Clinical &amp; Laboratory Standards Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[M100Ed30 | Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perenguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Motoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[[Prevalence and risk factors for extended-spectrum &#946;-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli causing community-onset urinary tract infections in Colombia]]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>559-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Polo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrébola-Pajares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Cadavid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez-Sala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sopeña-Sutil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Isla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in a Urology Ward: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[UIN]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>288-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radilla-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vences-Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro-Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of Escherichia coli clinical isolates causing urinary tract infections in the community of Chilpancingo, Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>209-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornejo-Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmeros-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uberetagoyena-Tello de Meneses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayorga-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garza-Sáinz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osornio-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of complicated urinary tract infections in a referral center in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Urol Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>229-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colodner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chazan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk Factors for the Development of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Nonhospitalized Patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>163-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Ami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Baño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arslan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitout]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JDD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quentin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Multinational Survey of Risk Factors for Infection with Extended-Spectrum &#946;-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Nonhospitalized Patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>682-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcántar-Curiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alpuche-Aranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varona-Bobadilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gayosso-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MaD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jarillo-Quijada]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frías-Mendivil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for extended-spectrum b-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli urinary tract infections in a tertiary hospital]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Publica Mex]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>412</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S-J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and Risk Factors for Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Uropathogens in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Korean Journal of Urology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>492-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hooton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wullt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Pyelonephritis in Women: A 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>e103-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vardakas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Legakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Triarides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falagas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Susceptibility of contemporary isolates to fosfomycin: a systematic review of the literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Antimicrob Agents]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>269-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorlozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jimenez-Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Dios Luna Del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampedro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez-Brocal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Casas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolution of the resistance to antibiotics of bacteria involved in urinary tract infections: a 7-year surveillance study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Infect Control]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1033-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zurita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resistant Gram-negative infections in the outpatient setting in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epidemiology &amp; Infection]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>141</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2459-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pignatari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increased resistance to first-line agents among bacterial pathogens isolated from urinary tract infections in Latin America: time for local guidelines?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>741-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rothman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blumenthal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chimonas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health Industry Practices That Create Conflicts of Interest: A Policy Proposal for Academic Medical Centers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>295</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>429-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
