<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4026</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería agrícola y biosistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. agric. biosist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4026</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Chapingo]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-40262020000200159</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5154/r.inagbi.2020.01.005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reliability assessment of three topographic methods for generating digital elevation models (DEMs)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de la confiabilidad de tres métodos topográficos para generar modelos digitales de elevación (MDE)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roblero-Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aurelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jiutepec Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>159</fpage>
<lpage>171</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-40262020000200159&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-40262020000200159&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-40262020000200159&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: A digital elevation model (DEM) allows for the analysis of specific features on the earth's surface in three dimensions. The engineering DEM is useful to evaluate resources and design management strategies.  Objective: To evaluate the technical-operational feasibility of generating DEMs from total station (TS) topographic surveys, GPS RTK and aerial photogrammetry using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).  Methodology: A 20x20 m grid was traced in a plot without vegetation (1.4 ha) located in Montecillo, Estado de México, and topographic surveys were carried out with three methods, from which DEMs were generated for graphic and statistical evaluation and by tracing contour lines.  Results: The estimated statistical errors were 0.15, 0.15 and 0.02 m, for TS vs. UAV, GPS RTK vs. UAV and TS vs. GPS RTK, respectively.  Study limitations: The instruments used and the geographical conditions of central Mexico may be a reason for variation when extrapolating the results with other devices.  Originality: A methodology is provided to generate DEMs accurately. The results allow the user to make reasoned choices based on the equipment available.  Conclusion: The DEMs generated with TS and GPS RTK data have a smaller error than the one obtained from UAVs. The use of UAV helps in the representation of the terrain, since it generates a dense cloud of points that strengthens the procedure for topographic surveys.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Un modelo digital de elevación (MDE) permite analizar rasgos específicos sobre la superficie terrestre en tres dimensiones. El MDE en ingeniería es útil para evaluar recursos y diseñar estrategias de manejo.  Objetivo:  Evaluar la viabilidad técnica-operativa de generar MDE a partir de levantamientos topográficos con estación total (ET), GPS RTK y fotogrametría aérea usando un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (VANT).  Metodología:  Se trazó una cuadrícula de 20 x 20 m en una parcela sin vegetación (1.4 ha) ubicada en Montecillo, Edo. de México, y se realizaron levantamientos topográficos con tres métodos, a partir de los cuales se generaron los MDE para su evaluación gráfica, estadística y mediante el trazo de curvas de nivel.  Resultados:  Los errores estadísticos estimados fueron de 0.15, 0.15 y 0.02 m, para ET vs. VANT, GPS RTK vs. VANT y ET vs. GPS RTK, respectivamente.  Limitaciones del estudio:  El instrumental usado y las condiciones geográficas del centro de México pueden ser motivo de variación al momento de extrapolar los resultados con otros dispositivos.  Originalidad:  Se proporciona una metodología para generar MDE con precisión. Los resultados permiten al usuario tomar decisiones razonadas en función del equipo con el que dispone.  Conclusión:  Los MDE generados con datos de ET y GPS RTK tienen un error menor que el obtenido a partir de VANT. El uso del VANT ayuda en la representación del terreno, ya que genera una densa nube de puntos que fortalece el procedimiento para levantamientos topográficos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[accuracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[topographic method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drone]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[orthomosaic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[precisión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[método topográfico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dron]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ortomosaico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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<page-range>297-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhoua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
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<name>
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<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Generalization of DEM for terrain analysis using a compound method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>38-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
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