<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4026</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería agrícola y biosistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. agric. biosist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4026</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Chapingo]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-40262016000200061</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5154/r.inagbi.2016.10.005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) hardness by an experimental milling method]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Determinación de la dureza de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) por un método experimental de molienda integral]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buendía-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Ofelia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Agustín de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Departamento de Fitotecnia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>61</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-40262016000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-40262016000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-40262016000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The hardness of grains can help determine the optimal harvest time and their postharvest handling. This study was conducted with the objective of developing an experimental methodology to indirectly determine the hardness of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seed. Five quinoa samples (Blanca Canadá, BT, RT, Ontifor and NT) were evaluated in terms of moisture (%), hectoliter weight (kg·hL-1) and hardness (breaking resistance). In order to determine the last-mentioned variable, 200 g of seed were sieved in No. 10, 14 and 18 meshes with a retention tray underneath; this was done in order to homogenize the size. Quinoa retained on each sieve was weighed. From mesh 14, which was the one with the highest retention (80 %), 30 g were ground for 2 s and sieved in No. 14, 18, 20, 24 and 30 meshes, with a retention tray underneath. The fractions obtained were weighed and the retention percentages of each sieve were obtained. To classify the hardness of the grain, a hedonic scale was developed. RT, BT and Ontifor were categorized as slightly hard, and Blanca Canadá and NT as slightly soft. The Ontifor sample showed the highest moisture and hectoliter weight, while NT had the lowest moisture percentage and the softest grain. The methodology used to determine hardness is easy to use both in the field and industry and may be useful in other small grains.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La dureza de los granos puede ayudar a determinar el momento óptimo de cosecha y su manejo poscosecha. El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de desarrollar una metodología experimental para determinar indirectamente la dureza de la semilla de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Se evaluaron cinco muestras de quinua (Blanca Canadá, BT, RT, Ontifor y NT), a las cuales se les determinó humedad (%), peso hectolítrico (kg·hL-1) y dureza (resistencia a la fracturación). Para determinar la tercera variable se tamizaron 200 g de semilla en mallas núm. 10, 14, 18 y charola de retención; esto con la finalidad de homogenizar el tamaño. Se pesó la quinua retenida en cada tamiz. De la malla 14, que fue la que presentó retención mayor (80 %), se molieron 30 g durante 2 s y se cribaron en mallas núm. 14, 18, 20, 24, 30 y charola de retención. Las fracciones obtenidas se pesaron y se obtuvieron los porcentajes de retención de cada tamiz. Para clasificar la dureza del grano se desarrolló una escala hedónica. RT, BT y Ontifor se catalogaron como ligeramente duras, y Blanca Canadá y NT como ligeramente suave. La muestra Ontifor fue la que presentó mayor humedad y peso hectolítrico; mientras que NT mostró el menor porcentaje de humedad y el grano más suave. La metodología aplicada para determinar la dureza es fácil de usar tanto en campo como industria y puede ser de utilidad en otros granos pequeños.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pseudocereal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seiving]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[yield]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hectoliter weight]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hedonic scale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pseudocereal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cribado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[peso hectolítrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escala hedónica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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