<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642025000100143</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-25-6173</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Influence of late Holocene climate and wildfire on mammalian community composition in the northern Rocky Mountains (USA)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stegner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Allison]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Stanford University Department of Biology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Stanford California]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Stanford University Department of Earth Systems Science ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Stanford California]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>143</fpage>
<lpage>161</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642025000100143&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642025000100143&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642025000100143&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Over the last half century, the Rocky Mountains have experienced increasing temperatures, more frequent droughts, and remarkable increases in wildfire: trends that are expected to continue. While the consequences of ongoing climate and fire regime change for this region are uncertain, previous research suggests that the combination of more frequent fire with changing climate may lead to abrupt changes in vegetation, causing downstream effects including altering mammal communities. Small mammals, in particular, are more habitat-specific and less able to move great distances in response to habitat disturbance. Reconstructing how these ecosystems have responded to climate and fire regime change in the past can reveal underlying dynamics that enable us to anticipate how they will react to future changes. Although there has been substantial research on fire-climate-vegetation relationships, the long-term impacts of fire on small mammal communities are not well characterized. Here, we use mammalian fossils from Waterfall Locality, a fossil packrat midden in northeastern Yellowstone National Park spanning ~3,400 to 250 calendar years before present (cal YBP), to reconstruct mammal diversity (species richness, evenness, and relative abundance) through time and to explore whether changes in diversity and community composition were related to climate and fire regime. We evaluate reconstructed wildfire activity from sedimentary charcoal as well as seven modeled climate variables (mean annual temperature, minimum winter temperature, maximum summer temperature, temperature seasonality, mean annual precipitation, mean summer precipitation, and precipitation seasonality). We find evidence that both summer precipitation and wildfire contributed to small mammal community turnover. Higher summer precipitation was associated with higher proportions of closed-habitat mammals and lower proportions of open habitat mammals. Elevated levels of wildfire activity near the site from ~2,200 - 1,800 cal YBP likely also contributed to this change in closed- versus open-habitat mammals around 1,600 cal YBP. Waterfall Locality represents a ~3,400-year record of mammal diversity in lower montane forests of the northern Rockies, analyses of which provide context for predicting future changes to the mammal community in this region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Durante el último medio siglo, las Montañas Rocosas han experimentado temperaturas crecientes, sequías más frecuentes y aumentos notables de incendios forestales: tendencias que se espera que continúen. Si bien las consecuencias del actual cambio climático y del régimen de incendios para esta región son inciertas, investigaciones anteriores sugieren que la combinación de incendios más frecuentes con un clima cambiante puede provocar cambios abruptos en la vegetación, causando efectos aguas abajo, incluida la alteración de las comunidades de mamíferos. Los mamíferos pequeños, en particular, son más específicos de su hábitat y menos capaces de moverse grandes distancias en respuesta a la alteración del hábitat. Reconstruir cómo estos ecosistemas han respondido al cambio climático y al cambio del régimen de incendios en el pasado puede revelar dinámicas subyacentes que nos permitan anticipar cómo reaccionarán ante cambios futuros. Aunque se han realizado importantes investigaciones sobre las relaciones entre el fuego, el clima y la vegetación, los impactos a largo plazo del fuego en las comunidades de pequeños mamíferos no están bien caracterizados. Aquí, utilizamos fósiles de mamíferos de Waterfall Locality, un basurero de ratas fósiles en el noreste del Parque Nacional de Yellowstone que abarca aproximadamente 3400 a 250 años calendario antes del presente (cal YBP), para reconstruir la diversidad de mamíferos (riqueza de especies, uniformidad y abundancia relativa) a través de tiempo y explorar si los cambios en la diversidad y la composición de la comunidad estaban relacionados con el clima y el régimen de incendios. Evaluamos siete variables climáticas modeladas (temperatura media anual, temperatura mínima en invierno, temperatura máxima en verano, estacionalidad de la temperatura, precipitación media anual, precipitación media en verano y estacionalidad de la precipitación), así como la actividad de incendios forestales reconstruida a partir de carbón sedimentario. Encontramos evidencia de que tanto las precipitaciones de verano como los incendios forestales contribuyeron al recambio de las comunidades de pequeños mamíferos. Las mayores precipitaciones de verano se asociaron con mayores proporciones de mamíferos de ambientes cerrados y proporciones más bajas de mamíferos de ambientes abiertos. Los niveles elevados de actividad de incendios forestales cerca del sitio de ~2200 a 1800 cal YBP probablemente también contribuyeron a esto en mamíferos de ambiente cerrado versus abierto alrededor de 1600 cal YBP. La localidad de Waterfall representa un registro de ~3400 años de diversidad de mamíferos en los bosques montanos bajos del norte de las Montañas Rocosas y proporciona un contexto para cambios futuros en la comunidad de mamíferos en esta región.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Holocene]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[northern Rocky Mountains]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[packrats]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[small mammals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vegetation change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wildfire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Yellowstone National Park]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fair sampling of taxonomic richness and unbiased estimation of origination and extinction rates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Paleontological Society Papers]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>55-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asymmetrical Competition between Microtus Montanus and Microtus Longicaudus in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Midland Naturalist]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>170</volume>
<page-range>274-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnosky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecosystem dynamics through the past 2000 years as revealed by fossil mammals from Lamar Cave in Yellowstone National Park, USA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historical Biology]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>71-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnosky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Faunal dynamics of small mammals through the Pit sequence]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnosky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biodiversity Response to Climate Change in the Middle Pleistocene]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>318-26</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGuire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Small mammal diversity loss in response to Pleistocene climate change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>465</volume>
<page-range>773-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bocinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[FedData: Functions to Automate Downloading Geospatial Data Available from Several Federated Data Sources]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[R package version]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fire history across forest types in the Southern Beartooth Mountains, Wyoming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tree-Ring Research]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>27-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Forest-dwelling vertebrate faunas and natural fire regimes in British Columbia: Patterns and implications for conservation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Conservation Biology]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>636-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calede]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hopkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Turnover in burrowing rodents: The roles of competition and habitat change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>311</volume>
<page-range>242-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groucutt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sum things are not what they seem: Problems with point-wise interpretations and quantitative analyses of proxies based on aggregated radiocarbon dates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Holocene]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>630-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Converse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Block]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Small mammal responses to thinning and wildfire in ponderosa pine-dominated forests of the southwestern United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Wildlife Management]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>1711-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wildfire-Driven Forest Conversion in Western North American Landscapes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BioScience]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>659-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Craighead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pellet and scat analysis as indicators of past and present habitats]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bozeman, U.S.A. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Montana State University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Culhane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Small mammal responses to fire severity mediated by vegetation characteristics and species traits]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology and Evolution]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damuth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interspecific allometry of population density in mammals and other animals: the independence of body mass and population energy-use]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>193-246</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mammalian beta diversity in the Great Basin, western USA: Palaeontological data suggest deep origin of modern macroecological structure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Ecology and Biogeography]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>479-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2019 Products]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[U.S. Geological Survey]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regeneration of montane forests 24 years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires: A fire-catalyzed shift in lower treelines?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecosphere]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ejarque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prehistoric fires and the shaping of colonial transported landscapes in southern California: A paleoenvironmental study at Dune Pond, Santa Barbara County]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaternary Science Reviews]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<page-range>181-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emslie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meltzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Late Quaternary vertebrates from the Upper Gunnison Basin, Colorado, and small-mammal community resilience to climate change since the last glacial maximum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaternary Research]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>388-407</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Firmage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Late Holocene climate, fire, and vegetation history of the northern Range, Yellowstone National Park]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bozeman, U.S.A. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Montana State University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fordham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PaleoView: a tool for generating continuous climate projections spanning the last 21 000 years at regional and global scales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecography]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>1348-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foresman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The wild mammals of Montana]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lawrence, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Allen Press, Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On simultaneous confidence intervals for multinomial proportions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technometrics]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>247-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Small Mammal Community Structure in North American Grasslands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Mammalogy]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>23-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grayson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Minimum numbers and sample size in vertebrate faunal analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Antiquity]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>53-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of late-Holocene climate on north- ern Rocky Mountain mammals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaternary Research]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>298-310</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolutionary and ecological response of pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) to late-Holocene climatic change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>277-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fidelity of terrestrial vertebrate fossils to a modern ecosystem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>149</volume>
<page-range>389-409</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Origins of abrupt change? Postfire subalpine conifer regeneration declines nonlinearity with warming and drying]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Monographs]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>89</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[It takes a few to tango: changing climate and fire regimes can cause regeneration failure of two subalpine conifers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<page-range>966-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Shifting ecological filters mediate postfire expansion of seedling aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Yellowstone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>362</volume>
<page-range>218-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haslett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A simple monotone process with application to radiocarbon-dated depth chronologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics)]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>399-418</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heeter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rochner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Summer air temperature for the Greater Yellowstone Ecoregion (770-2019 C.E.) over 1,250 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>48</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higuera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vegetation mediated the impacts of postglacial climatic change on fire regimes in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Monographs]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>201-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higuera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fire history and climate-fire linkages in subalpine forests of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A., 1240-1975 AD]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Holocene]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>327-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low-elevation conifers in California&#8217;s Sierra Nevada are out of equilibrium with climate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PNAS Nexus]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huerta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Holocene Vegetation-Fire-Climate Linkages in northern Yellowstone National Park, USA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>271</volume>
<page-range>170-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurlbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The nonconcept of species diversity: A critique and alternative parameters]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>577-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurwitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Yellowstone&#8217;s Old Faithful Geyser shut down by a severe thirteenth century drought]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>47</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Past vegetation dynamics in the Yellowstone region highlight the vulnerability of mountain systems to climate change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Biogeography]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>1768-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnstone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Non&#8208;equilibrium succession dynamics indicate continued northern migration of lodgepole pine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Change Biology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>1401-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnstone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fire, climate change and forest resilience in interior Alaska]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Forest Research]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>1302-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krause]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Climatic and non-climatic controls shaping early postglacial conifer history in the northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Quaternary Science]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>1022-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>LANDFIRE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Existing Vegetation Type Layer, LANDFIRE 2.3.0]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, and U.S. Department of Agriculture]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Licciardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[History and dynamics of the Greater Yellowstone Glacial System during the last two glaciations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaternary Science Reviews]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>200</volume>
<page-range>1-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on fauna]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42-col. 1]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>83</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ogden, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global signatures and dynamical origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>326</volume>
<page-range>1256-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McHorse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orcutt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The carnivoran fauna of Rancho La Brea: Average or aberrant?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>329</volume>
<page-range>118-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emslie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stable isotopes reflect the ecological resilience of two high-elevation mammals from the late Quaternary of Colorado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaternary Research]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>408-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Responses of high-elevation herbaceous plant assemblages to low glacial CO2 revealed by fossil marmot (Marmota) teeth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oecologica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>175</volume>
<page-range>1117-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGinnis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keeley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A mid-Holocene fauna from Bear Den Cave, Sequoia National Park, California]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<page-range>43-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meehl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global climate projections]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>747-845</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[United Kingdom ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press, Cabridge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Late Pleistocene-Holocene evolution of the Northeastern Yellowstone Landscape]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference Guidebook]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fire and alluvial chronology in Yellowstone National Park: Climatic and intrinsic controls on Holocene geomorphic processes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GSA Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>1211-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Response of alluvial systems to fire and climate change in Yellowstone National Park]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>357</volume>
<page-range>147-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millspaugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartlein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variations in fire frequency and climate over the past 17 000 yr in central Yellowstone National Park]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>211-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millspaugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Late-Glacial and Holocene variations in fire frequency in the Central Plateau and Yellowstone-Lamar provinces of Yellowstone National Park]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Eugene, U.S.A. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Oregon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piovesan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The oldest dated tree of Europe lives in the wild Pollino massif: Italus, a strip-bark Heldreich&#8217;s pine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<page-range>1682-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paytan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mapping the origin of faunal assemblages using strontium isotopes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paleobiology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>197-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Power]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartlein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postglacial fire, vegetation, and climate history across an elevational gradient in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA and Canada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaternary Science Reviews]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>2520-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>R Core Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[R: A language and environment for statistical computing]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vienna, Austria ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[R Foundation for Statistical Computing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The IntCal20 northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0-55 cal kBP)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiocarbon]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>725-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knight]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Landscape diversity: the concept applied to Yellowstone Park]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BioScience]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>664-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Despain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Historical perspective on the Yellowstone fires of 1988]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BioScience]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>695-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Goñi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The ACER pollen and charcoal database: a global resource to document vegetation and fire response to abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth System Science Data]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>679-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Double whammy: high-severity fire and drought in ponderosa pine forests of the southwest]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Forest Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>583</volume>
<page-range>570-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiocarbon dating and the &#8220;old wood&#8221; problem: The case of the Hohokam chronology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Archaeological Science]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>13-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoennagel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of fire interval on post-fire understory communities in Yellowstone National Park]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Vegetation Science]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>797-806</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Signorelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[DescTools: Tools for descriptive statistics]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[R package]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subspecies of pocket gophers: causal bases for geographic differentiation in Thomomys bottae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Systematic Biology]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>163-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spaeth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phylogeography of Microtus longicaudis in the tectonically and glacially dynamic central Rocky Mountains]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Mammalogy]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<page-range>571-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stegner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stasis and change in Holocene small mammal diversity during a period of aridification in southeastern Utah]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Holocene]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>1005-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stegner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Post-fire vegetation and climate dynamics in low-elevation forests over the last three millennia in Yellowstone National Park]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecography]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Streubel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Small mammals of the Yellowstone ecosystem]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Robert Rinehart, Inc. Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prefire heterogeneity, fire severity, and early postfire plant reestablishment in subalpine forests of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Wildland Fire]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>21-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of fire size and pattern on early succession in the Yellowstone National Park]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Monographs]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>411-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>U.S. Geological Survey</collab>
<source><![CDATA[3D Elevation Program 1-Meter Resolution Digital Elevation Model]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viteri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stegner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the reliability of raptor pellets in recording local small mammal diversity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaternary Research]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Westerling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increasing western US forest wildfire activity: sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>371</volume>
<page-range>20150178</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Westerling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Warming and earlier spring increase Western U. S. forest wildfire activity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>313</volume>
<page-range>940-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Westerling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Continued warming could transform Greater Yellowstone fire regimes by mid-21st century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PNAS]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<page-range>13165-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartlein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatial variations of Holocene climatic change in the Yellowstone region]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaternary Research]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>231-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Holocene seasonal variability inferred from multiple proxy records from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palaeogeograpy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>331</volume>
<page-range>90-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term relations among fire, fuel, and climate in the north-western US based on lake-sediment studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Wildland Fire]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>72-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, U.S.A. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Smithsonian Institution Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wirth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[White spruce meets black spruce: dispersal, postfire establishment and growth in a warming climate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Monographs]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<page-range>489-505</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Small mammal communities after two recent fires in Yellowstone National Park]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bozeman, U.S.A. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Montana State University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeveloff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mammals of the Intermountain West]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Salt Lake City, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Utah Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwolak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A meta-analysis of the effects of wildfire, clearcutting, and partial harvest on the abundance of North American small mammals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>258</volume>
<page-range>539-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
