<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642023000300371</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-23-1243</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mesocarnivores activity patterns in the Northern Colombian Andes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrera-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juanita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-V]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias-Alzate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad CES Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,IUCN/SSC Small Carnivore Specialist Group  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Gland ]]></addr-line>
<country>Swiss</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>371</fpage>
<lpage>382</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642023000300371&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642023000300371&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642023000300371&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Temporal segregation plays an important role as a coexistence mechanism between potentially competing and closely related species, especially in species with similar morphology and ecological requirements, such as mesocarnivores. This study investigates the temporal niche ecology of mesocarnivores coexisting in the southeastern Aburrá Valley, northern Colombian Andes. Specifically, this study i) evaluated the daily activity patterns of six mesocarnivore species, ii) analyzed the influence of the lunar cycle on the activity patterns of nocturnal species, iii) estimated the temporal overlap between pairs of mesocarnivores, and iv) estimated the functional similarities of these species. We hypothesized that mesocarnivores with similar functional traits exhibit greater temporal niche segregation, thus showing low overlap in their activity patterns to reduce competition. We used data from tracking cameras (10,744 camera-days) and estimated daily activity patterns using Kernel density analysis, non-negative trigonometric summation, and overlap analysis with the Overlap package in R. Also, lunar influence was evaluated using circular statistics in the software Oriana 4.02. Functional similarity was analyzed by similarity clustering using Jaccard's index in PAST. Nine species were recorded; six were included in the analyses of daily activity patterns. Activity patterns were not uniform throughout the circadian cycle. Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus tigrinus, and Nasuella olivacea showed mainly nocturnal activity, while Eira barbara, Nasua nasua, and Neogale frenata displayed a diurnal activity pattern. Only Leopardus tigrinus showed significant activity related to the lunar cycle. The activity overlap between pairs of species was variable, with a tendency to a low overlap, showing a high ecological similarity between species. This study represents the first estimate of the activity patterns of mesocarnivore species in the southeastern Aburrá Valley. The observed activity patterns are similar to those reported in other works. Species with high overlap showed ecological differences, especially in size and diet. The low number of records for some species may be associated with poor detectability but also with low abundance as a result of urban development and anthropogenic disturbance (e. g., roadkills). Our results suggest that temporal segregation contributes to mediating intra-gremial interactions and coexistence between sympatric and potentially competing species. These results will hopefully contribute to the knowledge of the ecology of mesocarnivores, mainly in ecosystems surrounding large cities in the northern Andes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La segregación temporal juega un papel importante como mecanismo de coexistencia entre especies potencialmente competidoras y cercanamente emparentadas, especialmente en especies con morfología y requerimientos ecológicos similares como los mesocarnívoros. Aquí, investigamos la ecología del nicho temporal de los mesocarnívoros que coexisten en simpatría al norte de los Andes colombianos, al suroriente del Valle de Aburrá. Específicamente, i) evaluamos los patrones de actividad diaria de seis especies, ii) analizamos la influencia del ciclo lunar en los patrones de actividad diaria de especies nocturnas, iii) estimamos la sobreposición temporal entre pares de mesocarnívoros y iv) estimamos la similitud funcional de estas especies. Hipotetizamos que los mesocarnívoros con rasgos funcionales similares exhiben mayor segregación en el nicho temporal y, por tanto, muestran un bajo sobreposición en sus patrones de actividad para así reducir la competencia. Utilizamos datos obtenidos de cámaras de rastreo (10,744 días-cámara) y realizamos estimaciones de los patrones de actividad diaria por medio de análisis de densidad de Kernel, suma trigonométrica no negativa y análisis de sobreposición con el paquete Overlap en el programa R. Asimismo, se evaluó la influencia lunar mediante el uso de estadística circular en el software Oriana 4.02. La similitud funcional se analizó por medio de un conglomerado de similitud, utilizando el índice de Jaccard en el programa PAST. Se registraron nueve especies, seis se incluyeron en los análisis de los patrones de actividad. Los patrones de actividad no fueron uniformes a lo largo del ciclo circadiano. Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus tigrinus y Nasuella olivacea mostraron una actividad principalmente nocturna, mientras Eira barbara, Nasua nasua y Neogale frenata presentaron un patrón de actividad diurno (Figura 2). Únicamente Leopardus tigrinus muestra una actividad significativa respecto al ciclo lunar. La sobreposición en la actividad entre pares de especies fue variable, con una tendencia a una sobreposición baja, mostrando una alta similitud ecológica entre especies. Este estudio constituye la primera estimación de los patrones de actividad de las especies de mesocarnívoros del suroriente del Valle de Aburrá. Los patrones de actividad observados son similares a los reportados en otros trabajos. Las especies que mostraron una sobreposición alta, muestran diferencias ecológicas, especialmente en el tamaño y la dieta. El bajo número de registros que se obtuvieron para algunas especies podría estar asociado a una baja detectabilidad, pero también a una baja abundancia como resultado del efecto del desarrollo y la perturbación antrópica (e. g., atropellamientos). Nuestros resultados sugieren que la segregación temporal contribuye a mediar las interacciones intragremiales y la coexistencia entre especies simpátricas y potencialmente competidoras. Esperamos que estos resultados contribuyan al conocimiento sobre la ecología de los mesocarnívoros, principalmente en ecosistemas circundantes a las grandes ciudades al norte de los Andes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Camera trap]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological traits]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[non-invasive methods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[temporal interactions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[temporal segregation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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