<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642023000200281</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-23-2207</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Population trend and ecology of the most isolated deer in the world, Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii): conservation challenges]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dede Aulia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aulagnier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stéphane]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sunderland-Groves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jacqueline L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Semiadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gono]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,IPB University Faculty of Forestry and Environment Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Indonesia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,IPB University Institute of Research and Community Service Primate Research Center]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Indonesia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Université de Toulouse  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Castanet-Tolosan cedex ]]></addr-line>
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of British Columbia Department of Forest Resources Management ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Vancouver ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Research and Innovation Agency Research Center for Applied Zoology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cibinong ]]></addr-line>
<country>Indonesia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>281</fpage>
<lpage>292</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642023000200281&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642023000200281&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642023000200281&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The Bawean deer plays a vital role in its small and isolated ecosystem as a herbivore and effective seed disperser, as well as holds cultural importance to the local community. However, the ecology of this Critically Endangered deer is poorly studied. Using random encounter and occupancy modeling based on 29,350 camera trap days between 2017 and 2019, we aimed to provide population estimates, habitat preferences, and behavioral data for this species. The population was 120-277 mature individuals, much less than the number in 1978. The density of Bawean deer could be related to the type of forest and the predation by free-roaming dogs as well as other factors such as the increase of wild pigs on Bawean Island. According to the best occupancy model, the tall and community forests far from human settlements are the most suitable areas for this species. Bawean deer is mainly crepuscular with significant daytime activity. Our results point out free-roaming dogs as a major threat to the native mammal community on Bawean island. We suggest the Bawean deer be listed as Critically Endangered following criteria B1a,b (ii, iii, v) of IUCN. Therefore, effective law enforcement and an adequate conservation strategy, including free-roaming dog control, are required to reduce the impacts of both direct and indirect threats.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El ciervo Bawean juega un papel vital como herbívoro y dispersor efectivo de semillas en su reducido y aislado ecosistema además, tiene importancia cultural para la comunidad local. Sin embargo, la ecología de este ciervo en Peligro Crítico de extinción es poco conocida. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el tamaño poblacional, preferencias de hábitat y datos comportamiento para esta especie, utilizando modelos de ocupación y de encuentros aleatorios basados en información de cámaras trampa con un esfuerzo de trampeo de 29,350 días entre 2017 y 2019. El tamaño estimado de la población varió entre 120 y 277 individuos adultos, mucho menos que el número para 1978. La densidad de ciervos de Bawean podrían estar relacionadas con el tipo de bosque y la depredación por perros ferales así como otros factores como el aumento de jabalíes en la isla de Bawean. Según el mejor modelo de ocupación, las áreas más adecuadas para esta especie son los bosques altos y comunitarios alejados de los asentamientos humanos. El ciervo Bawean es principalmente crepuscular pero con una actividad diurna significativa. Nuestros resultados señalan que los perros que se mueven libremente son una gran amenaza para la comunidad de mamíferos nativos en la isla de Bawean. Sugerimos que el ciervo Bawean se clasifique como en Peligro Crítico de extinción siguiendo los criterios B1a,b (ii,iii,v) de la UICN. Se requiere una aplicación efectiva de la ley y una estrategia de conservación adecuada, incluido el control de perros ferales para reducir los impactos de las amenazas directas e indirectas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Activity pattern]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Axis kuhlii]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[island]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[occupancy model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Random Encounter Model]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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