<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642022000200235</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-22-1168</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of anthropogenic noise on the echolocation pulses of the bats Molossus sinaloae and Mormoops megalophylla]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Nuñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Cristel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizo-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Areli]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>235</fpage>
<lpage>243</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642022000200235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642022000200235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642022000200235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Anthropogenic noise interferes with the acoustic signals of various wildlife species. For bats that use echolocation, noise can mask the information received in the echo. The effect of anthropogenic noise on the time and frequency components of echolocation pulses emitted by the aerial insectivorous bats Molossus sinaloae and Mormoops megalophylla in urban and natural habitats were evaluated. We hypothesized that the frequency components of pulses would increase in response to masking, while time components would not change significantly. To this end, acoustic recordings of both species were made in the two types of habitats using ultrasonic detectors; simultaneously, the intensity of the ambient noise was measured. Frequency (kHz) and time (ms) were analyzed for each echolocation pulse using the BatSound 4.2 software. Consistent with our hypothesis, the results showed that under background noise of 75 dB in an urban environment, M. sinaloae increased the low and high frequencies of its echolocation pulses by 5.8 kHz on average. For M. megalophylla, no increase in pulse frequencies was observed. Contrary to our expectation, the time components of pulses for M. sinaloae were modified, being of shorter duration in urban sites. Increasing the maximum amplitude-frequency by M. sinaloae may be a response to the Lombard effect, i. e., the increase in vocal amplitude in response to increased background noise. It is important to carry out studies focused on understanding the modification of echolocation pulses, mainly for species living in urban environments.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El ruido antropogénico interfiere con las señales acústicas de diversas especies de fauna silvestre. Para los murciélagos que usan la ecolocalización, el ruido puede enmascarar la información recibida en el eco. Se evaluó el efecto del ruido antropogénico en los componentes de tiempo y frecuencia de los pulsos de ecolocalización de los murciélagos insectívoros aéreos Molossus sinaloae y Mormoops megalophylla dentro de un hábitat urbano y uno natural. Hipotetizamos que los componentes de frecuencia de los pulsos incrementarían como respuesta al enmascaramiento mientras que los componentes de tiempo no variarían significativamente. Para ello se realizaron grabaciones acústicas de ambas especies en los dos tipos de hábitat usando detectores de ultrasonidos, simultáneamente se midió la intensidad del ruido ambiental. Se analizaron para cada pulso de ecolocación parámetros de frecuencia (kHz) y tiempo (ms) en el software BatSound 4.2. De acuerdo con nuestra hipótesis los resultados mostraron que, bajo el ruido de fondo a una intensidad de 75 dB en el ambiente urbano, M. sinaloae incrementó las frecuencias de sus pulsos de ecolocalización, tanto bajos como altos, en 5.8 kHz en promedio. Para M. megalophylla, no se observaron incrementos en las frecuencias de sus pulsos. Contrario a lo esperado, los componentes de tiempo para los pulsos de M. sinaloae sí se vieron modificados, siendo de menor duración para los sitios urbanos. El incremento de la frecuencia de máxima amplitud para M. sinaloae, podría ser una respuesta al efecto Lombard, que es el incremento en la amplitud vocal en respuesta al aumento del ruido de fondo. Es de importancia la realización de estudios enfocados a entender la modificación de los pulsos de ecolocalización, principalmente para las especies que viven en ambientes urbanos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Acoustic masking]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lombard effect]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[noise pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pulses variation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Lombard effect]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Biology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>614-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
