<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642021000200171</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-21-1112</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Neither stable nor pristine: American bison populations were long influenced by humans]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Oklahoma State University Natural Resource Ecology and Management ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Stillwater OK]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>175</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642021000200171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642021000200171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642021000200171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Populations of North American bison (Bison bison) are widely presumed to have remained stable, numbering in the tens of millions, right up until the hide hunts of the 1870s nearly brought about extinction. Recent scholarship from various disciplines consistently undermines this presumption. Indigenous people likely affected bison populations from their arrival toward the end of the Pleistocene. By the time of Columbus, indigenous populations were high and their impacts were felt keenly. As documented in the 16th century journals of Cabeza de Vaca, big game populations, including bison, were suppressed by hunting. That changed, however, with arrival of Old World diseases that are estimated to have reduced indigenous populations in the Americas by 90 % within a century of contact with Europeans. Such drastic reductions in indigenous human populations allowed bison populations to expand. Gradually, increased pressure from human hunters, along with competition from feral horses, introduced infectious diseases, habitat changes, and droughts, all suppressed bison populations well before the notorious hide hunts began in the 1870s. The hide hunts were the final blow to free-ranging bison, but reduced populations in the decades prior paved the way and helps explain why bison were reduced to near extinction within a few years.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Se considera ampliamente que las poblaciones del bisonte Americano (Bison bison) se han mantenido estables, llegando a decenas de millones, hasta que la caza por sus cueros en la década de 1870 casi provocó la extinción. Estudios recientes de diversas disciplinas socavan consistentemente esta presunción. Los pueblos indígenas probablemente afectaron a las poblaciones de bisontes desde su llegada hacia el final del Pleistoceno. En la época de Colón, la población indígena era alta y sus impactos se sintieron profundamente. Como se documenta en el diario de Cabeza de Vaca del siglo XVI, las poblaciones de grandes mamíferos, incluido el bisonte, fueron disminuidas por su caza. Sin embargo, eso cambió con la llegada de enfermedades del Viejo Mundo, las que reducieron a las poblaciones indígenas en las Américas estimadamente un 90 %, en un siglo de contacto con los europeos. Tales reducciones drásticas en las poblaciones de los pueblos americanos permitieron que las poblaciones de bisontes se expandieran. Gradualmente, el aumento de la presión de los cazadores humanos, junto con la competencia de los caballos salvajes, introdujo enfermedades infecciosas, cambios de hábitat y sequías. Todo ello suprimió a las poblaciones de bisontes mucho antes de que comenzaran las notorias cacerías de pieles en la década de 1870. La caza de cueros fue el golpe final para los bisontes en libertad, pero la reducción de las poblaciones en las décadas anteriores allanó el camino y ayuda a explicar por qué los bisontes se redujeron a casi a la extinción en unos pocos años.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bison]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hunting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indigenous]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[populations]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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