<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642019000300323</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-19-875</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Activity patterns and their relationship to the habitat use of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luz Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallina Tessaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología A. C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>323</fpage>
<lpage>328</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642019000300323&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642019000300323&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642019000300323&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: In desert regions, species have adapted physiologically and behaviorally to the extreme conditions of their environment, such as a lack of water and extreme temperatures. This is the case of the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) a species which many aspects of its relationship between behavioral ecology and habitat characteristics are unknown. The objectives of this study were: 1) to characterize the daily activity pattern of female mule deer in relationship to three behavioral patterns: resting, feeding and moving, and 2) assess the relationship between these behavioral patterns and the characteristics of the habitat. This study was conducted in the Chihuahuan Desert, where six females of mule deer were monitored using VHF radiotelemetry between 2012 and 2014. We distinguish the behavioral patterns by sensors in the collar and we quantified the number of beeps emitted per minute. Moreover, we described the daily pattern associated with these activities using Kernel density graphs and evaluated the effect of habitat variables on the frequency of resting and feeding behaviors applying a generalized linear model (GLM). We identified the location in which feeding and resting behaviors occurred, and the type of plant associations present and the percentage of area they occupied. We recorded locations over 328 days/deer. Female mule deer spent most of their time resting (63.41 %), followed by moving (21.26 %), and feeding (15.34 %). Deer movement and feeding behaviors were most frequent during the crepuscule. The temperature was the only variable that influenced resting and feeding behaviors (deviance = 4.7; d. f. = 1; P = 0.02). The estimated area used for resting was 10.35 km2, while the corresponding area for feeding was 6.45 km2, in which the plant association with dominance of Larrea tridentata, Opuntia rastrera and Fouquieria splendens was the most common. Considering the high temperatures prevailing on the region, resting most of the day likely helps deer to have an adequate thermoregulation. The time dedicated to feeding is less than the dedicated to other activities; deer may be spending more time moving than feeding due to the spatial distribution of suitable food patches, or to avoid predators. The mule deer occupy the same areas to feed and rest; however, feeding areas are smaller those used to rest, these areas have been identified in previous studies as those with the greatest use (core areas). In the plant association with greater occupation within the feeding zones, there are species reported as an essential for the deer diet; these areas are located at the foot of the hill, which gives the deer thermal protection.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En regiones desérticas las especies se han adaptado fisiológica y conductualmente a la falta de agua, así como a las temperaturas extremas. Tal es el caso del venado bura (Odocoileus hemionus), especie de la cual muchos aspectos de su ecología conductual y su relación con el hábitat aún son desconocidos. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) caracterizar el patrón diario de actividad de hembras de venado bura con relación a tres pautas de comportamiento: descanso, alimentación y movimiento, y 2) evaluar la relación entre estas pautas y las características del hábitat. Este estudio se realizó en el Desierto Chihuahuense, donde se monitorearon mediante radiotelemetría VHF seis hembras de venado bura entre el 2012 y el 2014. Las pautas se distinguieron mediante un sensor en el collar y la cuantificación del número de pulsaciones que emite por minuto. Se caracterizó el patrón de actividad asociado con las pautas utilizando gráficos de densidad Kernel y se evaluó el efecto de variables del hábitat sobre la frecuencia de las mismas aplicando un modelo lineal generalizado (GLM). Se identificaron las áreas que las venadas usan para alimentarse y descansar, así como las asociaciones vegetales presentes en esas áreas y el porcentaje que ocupaban. Se registraron localizaciones durante un total de 328 días/venado. Las hembras de venado bura dedican la mayor parte del tiempo a descansar (63.41 %), seguido de realizar movimientos (21.26 %) y por último a alimentarse (15.34 %). Tienen horarios crepusculares de movimiento y alimentación. La temperatura fue la única variable que afectó a las pautas de descanso y alimentación (devianza = 4.7; g. l. = 1; P = 0.02). El área estimada para las zonas que seleccionan para descansar fue de 10.35 km2 y la de alimentación fue de 6.45 km2, donde predominó la asociación vegetal con dominancia de Larrea tridentata, Opuntia rastrera y Fouquieria splendens. Considerando las altas temperaturas que predominan en el sitio, el permanecer echadas la mayor parte del día puede ser necesario para una adecuada termorregulación. El tiempo dedicado a alimentarse es menor al de las otras pautas, esto podría indicar que, las venadas están invirtiendo mayor tiempo en desplazarse que en alimentarse debido a la distribución espacial de parches adecuados para su alimentación, o para evadir depredadores. Las venadas ocupan los mismos sitios para alimentarse y descansar, sin embargo, las áreas para lo primero son menores, dichas áreas han sido identificadas en trabajos previos como las zonas de las áreas núcleo de actividad. En la asociación vegetal con mayor ocupación dentro de las zonas de alimentación se encuentran especies reportadas como parte esencial de la dieta del venado, ubicadas al pie del cerro, lo cual confiere a los venados protección térmica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[arid ecosystems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[behavior patterns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cervid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mapimí]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radiotelemetry]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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