<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642017000200185</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-17-483</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ocotillo flowers as food resource for the mule deer during the dry season]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Feria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Trápaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rolando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>185</fpage>
<lpage>188</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642017000200185&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642017000200185&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642017000200185&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The plant locally known as ocotillo, Fouquieria splendens (Fouquieriaceae) is a shrub distributed in arid zones of Mexico and southwestern United States. In Mapimí Biosphere Reserve, Durango, it has not leaves for most of the year; these emerge after the first rain. Inflorescences emerge in March, being bright red and lasting only a month. These inflorescences are highly sought after by animals, including insects, birds and the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). The objectives of this study were: 1) quantify the inflorescences produced by each plant (during March), 2) estimate inflorescence availability for mule deer, and 3) quantify its contribution in biomass (fresh weight) and nutrient content. This will contribute to understand why deer consume these flowers in the dry season. In March 2012 a field sampling was carried out in the Mapimí Biosphere Reserve, to measure the characteristics of each individual plant, quantify the number of inflorescences produced, the number available for mule deer, and the nutrients they contribute. The nearest-neighbor method was used, measuring 30 ocotillo individuals in nine sites. Inflorescences were collected from different plants to estimate fresh weight and determine nutrient content by proximal chemical analysis. A total of 270 ocotillo plants were sampled. There was a positive correlation between plant diameter and number of both branches and inflorescences. An average of 30 inflorescences was observed, and their availability for deer was 42 % (3,306/7,951) of the total. The average weight of 74 inflorescences collected was 74.8 ± 20.4 g; each plant produced up to 3 kg. These contain high levels of protein (12 % dry basis), carbohydrate (67 %), and 3,085.98 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy; 85 % are digestible nutrients. The mule deer selects plants with high nutritional values that are available in critical seasons such as the dry season. To note, ocotillo flowers emerge when there is food shortage (dry season), and are consumed by deer. A positive correlation was found between number of branches, plant diameter and total number of inflorescences (and its availability). Ocotillo flowers represent an important nutritional resource for deer, because inflorescences have high protein and sugar levels, in addition to having digestible nutrients and that each plant produces around 1.5 kg of inflorescences available for deer in the dry season.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El ocotillo Fouquieria splendens, (Fouquieriaceae) es un arbusto que se distribuye en las zonas áridas de México, y del suroeste de Estados Unidos. En la Reserva de la Biosfera de Mapimí, la mayor parte del año no tienen hojas y éstas brotan con las primeras lluvias. Estas inflorescencias de color rojo brillante, son muy apetecidas y son recurso alimenticio en la temporada seca para muchos animales, como insectos, aves, incluyendo el venado bura (Odocoileus hemionus). Los objetivos del estudio fueron: 1) cuantificar las inflorescencias que produce cada planta (durante el mes de marzo), 2) cuántas de éstas están disponibles para el venado bura, y 3) y cuantificar la contribución en biomasa (peso fresco) y su contenido de nutrientes. En marzo de 2012 se hizo un muestreo en la Reserva de la Biosfera de Mapimí, para cuantificar las inflorescencias que produce cada planta, cuántas están disponibles para el bura, y que nutrientes podrían estar aportando. Se usó el método del vecino más cercano, midiendo 30 individuos de ocotillo, en nueve sitios. Se colectaron inflorescencias de distintas plantas para determinar el contenido de nutrientes mediante un análisis químico proximal. Se midieron siete variables estructurales de 270 ocotillos. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre la altura y el diámetro de la planta y el número total de inflorescencias. En promedio cada ocotillo tuvo 30 inflorescencias y la disponibilidad para los venados fue del 42 % (3,306/7,951). El promedio de peso de 74 inflorescencias colectadas fue de 74.8 ± 20.4 g, produciendo arriba de 3 kg por planta. Se encontró que el 85 % de los nutrientes son digestibles, entre ellos 12 % de proteína (en base seca), carbohidratos (67 %), y 3,085.98 kcal/kg de energía metabolizable. Considerando la disponibilidad de recursos en temporadas críticas como la temporada seca, el ocotillo es una especie de importancia principalmente por las inflorescencias que brotan en esta temporada. Las variables estructurales de la planta como el número de ramas y los diámetros de las plantas se relacionan positivamente con el número y la disponibilidad de inflorescencias. La disponibilidad promedio de 1.5 kg de inflorescencias por planta, tienen alto valor proteico, energético y de digestibilidad que es aprovechado por diferentes especies, como el venado bura, y es un recurso importante para este herbívoro durante la temporada seca.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chihuahuan Desert]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dry season]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inflorescences]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mapimí Biosphere Reserve]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nutritive value]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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