<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642017000100019</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-17-411</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Habitat use by the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) during an extreme dry season in an urban lake in Tabasco, Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helda Herenia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivera-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[León David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cueva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Horacio De La]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chetumal Quintana Roo]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villahermosa Tabasco]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada Departamento de Biología de la Conservación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ensenada Baja California]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>19</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642017000100019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642017000100019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642017000100019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract There are three important manatee areas in Mexico: the coasts of the State of Quintana Roo; the freshwater systems within the lower basin of the Grijalva-Usumacinta rivers, which host the largest manatee population; and the rivers of central and southern Veracruz. The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is a threatened species throughout its range. In the Grijalva-Usumacinta region, two of the current threats to manatees are the effects of extremely dry periods and geographical isolation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the behavior and habitat use of the landlocked manatee population inhabiting Laguna de las Ilusiones, Villahermosa, Tabasco, under fortuitous dry conditions, to conduct an evaluation and implement a monitoring plan for landlocked manatees. In this work, we gathered information on the differential use of the lake, and on whether this use is related to the known habitat characteristics that govern the distribution of manatees. Using VHF tags, we followed the activities of four manatees (three females and one male) to characterize and quantify four behaviors, namely feeding, resting, exploring, and traveling, between April and August 2007. We built Kernel polygons for the 25, 50, 75, and 95 % of the utilization distribution (UD). We modeled the habitat using a binary logistic regression and explored the association between the tagged manatees using Cole&#8217;s simple coefficient of association. Manatees were concentrated mainly to the northeast of the lake. The best feeding logistic model included depth, distance to the the shore, tree cover, and wind speed (Table 1), and yielded differences between periods (H = 9.85, P = 0.007, Figure 5). The logistic models fit poorly for resting, exploring, and traveling (Table 1). The resting model included distance to the the shore, tree cover, and company, and yielded differences between periods (H = 6.68, P = 0.035). Traveling included depth, cloud cover, and human activities, and yielded differences between periods (H = 7.55, P = 0.023). Exploration included depth and company, and did not differ between periods (H = 1.55, P = 0.461). We had the opportunity to assess these behaviors under dry conditions, and our findings are not necessarily applicable to the rainy season. The northern portion of the lake is an embayment connected to the central zone by a 50 m-wide shallow channel, which limited the movement of manatees. Higher food availability and stress avoidance might make manatees choose this area. Feeding was better modeled by the habitat characteristics included in the study. Feeding increased slightly in the evenings. Exploring and traveling were the behavior types observed most frequently in manatees; maybe they were moving across food patches or known areas. Manatee social encounters are reported as short-term and sporadic, but in this study manatees were observed in groups during nearly half of the observation time. When the availability of grasses and aquatic plants is low, manatees increase their consumption of other food items like mango fruits. Based on the findings reported here and under dry conditions, habitat enrichment will be helpful for this landlocked manatee population and those in other areas where seasonal contrasts is observed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En México existen tres áreas importantes de distribución para el manatí: las costas del estado de Quintana Roo, los sistemas de agua dulce en la cuenca baja de los ríos Grijalva-Usumacinta y los ríos del centro y sur de Veracruz. El manatí Antillano (Trichechus manatus manatus) es una especie amenazada en toda su distribución. En la región Grijalva-Usumacinta se albergan las poblaciones más grandes de manatí y se reconocen dos problemas ecológico-ambientales como es el efecto de la sequía prolongada y el aislamiento geográfico de las poblaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento y uso de hábitat de la población de Laguna de las Ilusiones, Villahermosa, Tabasco, bajo una sequía fortuita, para implementar un plan de monitoreo y evaluación de poblaciones aisladas de manatíes. Con esta investigación se obtiene información del uso diferencial de la laguna y si este uso se relaciona con características del hábitat que determinan su distribución. Mediante el uso de radiotransmisores se dio seguimiento de actividad a tres hembras y un macho, para caracterizar y cuantificar sus comportamientos: alimentación, descanso, exploración y desplazamiento en los meses de abril y agosto 2007. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística de la ocurrencia de las conductas en relación a características del hábitat y polígonos de distribución de uso (U. D.) de 25, 50, 75 y 95 %. Para explorar la asociación entre los manatíes marcados se utilizó el coeficiente simple de asociación de Cole. La ocurrencia se concentró al noreste de la laguna. El mejor modelo logístico de alimentación incluyó profundidad, distancia a la orilla, cubierta arbolada, y viento (Tabla 1), difiriendo entre horarios (H = 9.85, P = 0.007, Figura 5). Los modelos de otros comportamientos tuvieron poco ajuste (Tabla 1). El modelo del descanso incluyó distancia a la orilla, cobertura arbolada y compañía, difiriendo temporalmente (H = 6.68, P = 0.035). El desplazamiento incluyó profundidad, nubosidad y actividad humana, difiriendo entre periodos (H = 7.55, P = 0.023). La exploración incluyó profundidad y compañía, sin diferencia temporal (H =1.55, P = 0.461). El brazo norte de la laguna se conecta a través de un canal somero, que en secas puede limitar el movimiento de los manatíes. Mayor disponibilidad de alimento en secas y evasión del estrés pueden llevar a los manatíes a esta área. La exploración y desplazamiento fueron los comportamientos más frecuentes, quizá moviéndose entre parches de alimento o entre áreas conocidas. Casi en la mitad de las observaciones los manatíes estuvieron acompañados. Cuando hay baja disponibilidad de pastos o vegetación acuática, los manatíes usan alimentos alternativos. El enriquecimiento del hábitat, sería muy útil para esta y otras poblaciones aisladas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[behavior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[habitat modeling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[landlocked populations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[management requirements]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[resource availability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spatial distribution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comportamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distribución espacial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[disponibilidad de recursos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelado de hábitat]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[poblaciones aisladas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[requisitos de manejo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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