<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-249X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Intervención (México DF)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Intervención (Méx. DF)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-249X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Escuela Nacional de Conservación, Restauración y Museografía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-249X2016000100022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Weathering effects of an historic building in San Francisco de Campeche, Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Intemperización de un edificio histórico en San Francisco de Campeche, México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Trujeque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobo Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintana Owen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartolo-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pascual]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tezozomoc]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casanova González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corvo Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Campeche Centro de Investigación en Corrosión ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Instituto de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Departamento de Física Aplicada]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Departamento de Física Aplicada]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Campeche Centro de Investigación en Corrosión ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Campeche Centro de Investigación en Corrosión ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Campeche Centro de Investigación en Corrosión ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<fpage>22</fpage>
<lpage>31</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-249X2016000100022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-249X2016000100022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-249X2016000100022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This RESEARCH presents a qualitative description of the degradation phenomena that occurred in external walls of the San Carlos Bastion, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche City, (Mexico), a military structure built with calcareous materials between 16th and 17th centuries. Several weathering structures were identified in mortars and limestone. Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive (SEM/EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Optical Microscopy (OM) analysis were carried out in order to identify the nature of the weathering compounds. These include: carbonate crusts (CaCO3), as well as neomineral phases (e.g. whewellite [CaC2O4H2O] and weddellite [CaC2O42H2O]) related to microbial activity. Results indicate that the tropical climate induces physical, chemical and biological effects in the building materials, due mainly to high relative humidity. The influence of relative humidity appears to be the cause that damage the building, more than the action of sea salts and atmospheric pollutants. Furthermore, the presence of elements, such as chlorine, sodium and sulfur indicate that weathering occurred through synergistic processes during long-time exposure to the tropical environment of San Francisco de Campeche.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Esta INVESTIGACIÓN presenta una descripción cualitativa de los fenómenos de intemperización en los muros externos del bastión de San Carlos, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche (México), una estructura militar construida con material calcáreo entre los siglos XVI y XVII. Mediante análisis con Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido y Espectroscopía de Energía Dispersada (SEM/EDS), Difracción de Rayos X (XRD) y Microscopía Óptica (OM), se identificaron varios elementos de mampostería en piedra caliza y morteros degradados y se identificó la naturaleza de los compuestos de alteración formados. Éstos incluyen: concreciones de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3), neominerales (vgr. whewellita [CaC2O4 .H2O] y weddellita [CaC2O4 .2H2O] relacionados con la actividad microbiana. Como resultado de ello se concluyó que, aunque la generalidad del clima tropical provocó efectos físicos, químicos y biológicos en los materiales de construcción, la principal causa de los daños observados en el edificio es la acción tanto de las sales marinas como contaminantes atmosféricos catalizados por la alta humedad relativa. Asimismo, la presencia de elementos como cloro, sodio y azufre indican que la degradación del edificio ocurrió mediante procesos sinérgicos durante su larga exposición al ambiente costero de la ciudad de San Francisco de Campeche.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[historical building]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[weathering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[humidity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[San Francisco de Campeche]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[edificio histórico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intemperismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[humedad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[San Francisco de Campeche]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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